Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41597753›Full record

ArticleMicroorganisms2026

SARS-CoV-2 Infection Associated with HHV-6A Reactivation and an Inhibitory KIR2DL2/HLA-C1 Immunogenetic Profile.

Sabrina Rizzo, Matteo Ferraresi, Giovanni Strazzabosco, Marcello Baroni, Juana Maria Sanz, Angelina Passaro, Daria Bortolotti, Roberta Rizzo, Giovanna Schiuma

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Microorganisms, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Sabrina RizzoDepartment of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9246-136X
Matteo FerraresiDepartment of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.ORCID 0009-0008-3032-3245
Giovanni StrazzaboscoDepartment of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-7227-7939
Marcello BaroniDepartment of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (SVEB), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
Juana Maria SanzDepartment of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3372-2758
Angelina PassaroDepartment of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
Daria BortolottiDepartment of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4496-9561
Roberta RizzoDepartment of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9507-9126
Giovanna SchiumaDepartment of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4652-5550

Funding

European Union - Next Generation EU PRIN project n. 2022WXLMS9, mission 4, CUP F53D23000980006Italian Ministry of University and Research FAR 2024
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Natural killer (NK) cells are central to antiviral immunity through a balance of activating and inhibitory receptors, including killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs). We have previously observed that an increased frequency of the inhibitory receptor KIR2DL2 and its ligand HLA-C1 is associated with heightened susceptibility to human herpesvirus (HHV) infection, supporting a role for KIR-mediated NK cell regulation in host-virus interactions. We investigated whether the co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) might be connected to the expression of KIR2DL2/HLA-C1. We analyzed 110 SARS-CoV-2-positive subjects and 109 SARS-CoV-2-negative subjects for the KIR2DL2 and HLA-C1 genotype and for HHV-6A/B reactivation in plasma samples. SARS-CoV-2-positive subjects showed a significantly higher frequency of the KIR2DL2/HLA-C1 haplotype and increased reactivation of HHV-6A. Among deceased and comorbid patients, the co-occurrence of the KIR2DL2/HLA-C1 haplotype and HHV-6A DNAemia was more frequent, particularly in those with cardiovascular disorders. These findings suggest that the KIR2DL2/HLA-C1 haplotype might promote NK cell inhibition, facilitating HHV-6A persistence and contributing to immune dysregulation during SARS-CoV-2 infection. The combined presence of KIR2DL2/HLA-C1 and HHV-6A may, therefore, represent a molecular signature of COVID-19 outcomes.

Indexed as

co-infectioncomorbiditiesCOVID-19HHV-6AHLA-C1KIR2DL2NK cells

Identifiers

PMID41597753
PMCPMC12843832

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.