Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41599355›Full record

ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Beyond the Solvent: Engineering Ionic Liquids for Biomedical Applications-Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions.

Amal A M Elgharbawy, Najihah Mohd Noor, Nor Azrini Nadiha Azmi, Beauty Suestining Diyah Dewanti

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Amal A M ElgharbawyInternational Institute for Halal Research and Training, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jln. Gombak, Kuala Lumpur 53100, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0002-5281-2532
Najihah Mohd NoorKulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0002-1784-1784
Nor Azrini Nadiha AzmiHalal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM Serdang), Serdang 43400, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0003-4055-027X
Beauty Suestining Diyah DewantiDepartment of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia.ORCID 0000-0003-4355-4807

Funding

University of Brawijaya FTP-1A
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as multifunctional compounds with low volatility, high thermal stability, and tunable solvation capabilities, making them highly promising for biomedical applications. First explored in the late 1990s and early 2000s for enhancing the thermal stability of enzymes, antimicrobial agents, and controlled release systems, ILs have since gained significant attention in drug delivery, antimicrobial treatments, medical imaging, and biosensing. This review examines the diverse functions of ILs in contemporary therapeutics and diagnostics, highlighting their transformative capabilities in improving drug solubility, bioavailability, transdermal permeability, and pathogen inactivation. In drug delivery, ILs improve solubility of bioactive compounds, with several IL formulations achieving substantial solubility enhancements for poorly soluble drugs. Bio-ILs, in particular, show promise in enhancing drug delivery systems, such as improving transdermal permeability. ILs also exhibit significant antimicrobial and antiviral activity, offering new avenues for combating resistant pathogens. Despite their broad potential, challenges such as cytotoxicity, long-term metabolic effects, and the stability of ILs in physiological conditions persist. While much research has focused on their physicochemical properties, biological activity and in vivo studies are still underexplored. The future directions for ILs in biomedical applications include the development of bioengineered ILs and hybrid ILs, combining functional components like nanoparticles and polymers to create multifunctional materials. These ILs, derived from renewable resources, show great promise in personalized medicine and clinical applications. Further research is necessary to evaluate their pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and long-term safety to fully realize their biomedical potential. This study emphasizes the potential of ILs to transform therapeutic and diagnostic technologies by highlighting present shortcomings and offering pathways for clinical translation, while also debating the need for continuous research to fully utilize their biomedical capabilities.

Indexed as

Ionic LiquidsSolventsAnimalsAnti-Infective AgentsBiosensing TechniquesDrug Delivery SystemsHumansSolubilityAnti-Infective AgentsIonic LiquidsSolventsbiomedical applicationsbiosensorsdrug deliveryionic liquidslab-on-a-chipmedical imaging

Identifiers

PMID41599355
PMCPMC12843688

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.