Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41601650›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025

Antigenic assessment for the β2-glycoprotein I/Platelet factor 4 complex in thrombotic patients with antiphospholipid syndrome.

Francesca Villani, Antonella Capozzi, Federica Maria Ucci, Simona Truglia, Manuela De Michele, Silvia Mancuso, Luca Rapino, Giuseppe Tripodi, Valeria Manganelli, Gloria Riitano and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Francesca Villani *Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Antonella Capozzi *Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Federica Maria UcciRheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Simona TrugliaRheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Manuela De MicheleEmergency Department, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Silvia MancusoRheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Luca RapinoRheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Giuseppe TripodiRheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Valeria ManganelliDepartment of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Gloria RiitanoDepartment of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Roberta MisasiDepartment of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Maurizio SoriceDepartment of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Antonio Sili ScavalliRheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Fabrizio ContiRheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Cristiano AlessandriWellbeing, Health and Environmental Sustainability Department "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rieti, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune condition characterized by recurrent thrombosis, pregnancy-related complications and circulating antiphospholipid antibodies, including anti-β2-glycoprotein I (β2-GPI). Platelet factor 4 (PF4) is a pro-coagulant protein expressed by activated platelets. It is considered a potential platelet ligand for oxidized β2-GPI, and this interaction may play a role in the thrombotic manifestations of APS. This study aims to assess β2-GPI/PF4 complex autoantibodies in sera of thrombotic patients with APS and their potential functional role in platelet activation. Methods: We analysed sera from 73 patients with thrombotic APS, 20 with obstetric APS, 20 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 20 with non-APS thrombosis, 3 with vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), 20 with COVID-19 and 45 healthy donors (HDs). These samples were tested by ELISA for antibodies to the β2-GPI/PF4 complex after Results: Anti-β2-GPI/PF4 were detected in 34.24% of thrombotic APS patients and 20% of obstetric APS. All VITT and none of the SLE, non-APS thrombosis, COVID-19 patients and HDs were positive for anti-β2-GPI/PF4. In thrombotic APS, a significant association was found between anti-β2-GPI/PF4 positivity and antibody titer with venous thrombotic complications (p = 0.032, p = 0.01) as well as between anti-β2-GPI/PF4 and triple positivity to conventional aPLs (p = 0.028). Notably, antibody titer correlated with the young age both at diagnosis (p<0.001) and at the current evaluation (p=0.001). Moreover, HDs' platelets, Conclusion: This study demonstrated the presence of anti-β2-GPI/PF4 in patients with APS, where it may be involved in the mechanism underlying the hypercoagulable state and correlated with a greater risk of developing thrombosis, especially in the young population.

Indexed as

Antiphospholipid SyndromeAutoantibodiesbeta 2-Glycoprotein IPlatelet Factor 4ThrombosisAdultAntibodies, AntiphospholipidCOVID-19FemaleHumansLupus Erythematosus, SystemicMaleMiddle AgedPlatelet ActivationPregnancyYoung AdultAntibodies, AntiphospholipidAutoantibodiesbeta 2-Glycoprotein IPF4 protein, humanPlatelet Factor 4antiphospholipid syndromeCOVID-19platelet factor 4thrombosisvaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT)β2-glycoprotein I

Identifiers

PMID41601650
PMCPMC12832691

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.