Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41601966›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2025

X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) can determine sex differences in cardiovascular drug responses: focus on RNA therapeutics.

Timur O Yarovinsky, Vinod S Ramgolam, Iva R Knezevic, Nina S Stachenfeld, Jeffrey R Bender

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Timur O YarovinskyYale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
Vinod S RamgolamYale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
Iva R KnezevicYale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
Nina S StachenfeldDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
Jeffrey R BenderYale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.

Funding

Competitive macrophage microRNA-RNA binding protein interactions in wound repairR01GM126412 · NIGMS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI BENDER, JEFFREY R. · 2017 to 2020
$1.3M
NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM126412
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Genetic, hormonal, anatomical, and environmental factors underlie sex differences in the prevalence and progression of cardiovascular disease and responses to therapeutics. The presence of two X chromosomes in the female genome decreases susceptibility to X-linked recessive disorders but imposes the need for random X chromosome inactivation as an epigenetic mechanism controlling gene dosage. Long non-coding RNA XIST is essential for transcriptional repression of genes on inactive X chromosome but may also act as a miRNA sponge for post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and a scaffold for RNA binding proteins that provoke autoimmune responses. These features draw attention to XIST as an important drug development target by design or as an off target, including novel RNA therapeutics for genetic and cardiovascular diseases. Based on the extensive literature analysis, we postulate the hypothesis that XIST can determine sex differences in cardiovascular drug responses and propose several criteria for use in developing or evaluating responses to RNA therapeutics for cardiovascular disease in women. We hope that implementation of those criteria in the process of RNA therapeutics development may be helpful in reducing the risks of adverse effects in women.

Indexed as

cardiovascular diseasesmiRNARNA therapeuticssex as a biological variable (SABV)X chromosome inactivation (XCI)XIST (X-inactive specific transcript)

Identifiers

PMID41601966
PMCPMC12832541

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.