ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2025
Protective effects of naringenin and naringin in organ ischemia/reperfusion injuries: a comprehensive narrative review.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) refers to a condition in which ischemia is followed by reperfusion, leading to an exacerbation of the initial tissue damage. Currently, there are no specific therapeutic methods for IRI. Phytochemicals from natural products have the potential to develop noble drugs for IRI. Naringenin (NGE) and naringin (NG) are natural dietary flavonoids derived from ethnobotanical plants in Southeast and South Asia. NGE and NG have a wide range of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. As research on NGE and NG deepens, it has been found that they protect against IRI. We first summarize plant species containing NGE and NG from Southeast and South Asia in this article. Then, we highlight recent advances in NGE and NG for treating IRI in the myocardium, brain, intestines, kidneys, retinal, liver, spinal cord, skeletal muscles, and testicles. We find that NGE and NG possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-endoplasmic reticulum stress, anti-ferroptosis, anti-pyroptosis, and autophagy regulatory properties that protect organs from IRI. In addition, NGE and NG alleviate organ IRI through certain signaling pathways, including nuclear factor-κB, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT, cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase-stimulator of interferon genes, sirtuin (SIRT) 1/SIRT 3, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Furthermore, we investigate the interactions between these signaling pathways and inflammation, oxidative stress, and programmed cell death. Nevertheless, NGE and NG still face challenges related to pharmacokinetic interactions, bioavailability, and clinical safety assessments. Further studies will be needed to verify their safety and efficacy in clinical settings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.