Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41603595›Full record

ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2026

Co-Treatment With rhBMP-2 and Rapamycin Modulates Osteogenesis-Adipogenesis Balance to Enhance Aged Bone Regeneration.

Zirui He, Xiaoqiao Bai, Fangru Xie, Xuan Wang, Fan Zhang, Yuanman Yu, Yuan Yuan, Changsheng Liu

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. A sustained NADBioactive materials · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Zirui HeThe State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China.
Xiaoqiao BaiThe State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China.
Fangru XieThe State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China.
Xuan WangThe State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China.
Fan ZhangThe State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China.
Yuanman YuThe State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0030-7881
Yuan YuanThe State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7877-3175
Changsheng LiuThe State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China.

Funding

Basic Science Center Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China T2288102National Key Research and Development Program of China 2022YFC2405702National Natural Science Foundation of China 32271401The Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China Regional Joint Funds U24A20376
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) is a well-established osteoinductive agent used in clinical practice. In this study, rhBMP-2 is found to exacerbate the imbalance between osteogenesis and adipogenesis in senescent bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), resulting in excess adipocytes (eADs) accumulation and a diminished osteogenic response. However, the role of eADs in age-related bone repair deficits remains unclear. Our findings indicate that eADs within the aged microenvironment contribute to impaired bone regeneration by promoting BMSC senescence and suppressing osteogenic differentiation. To address this issue, we investigated the feasibility of regulating the abnormal differentiation of senescent BMSCs to enhance aged bone regeneration. Based on this, a novel energy-supplying hydrogel system (PEGSN-PGA/rhBMP-2/Rapa, PBR) suitable for the aged regenerative microenvironment and with excellent bone integration performance is designed for local minimally invasive treatment of aged bone defects. This system effectively regulates the abnormal differentiation of senescent BMSCs, maintains the cell cycle process, and retains the regenerative potential for bone repair in the senescent microenvironment. This study presents a novel strategy for the treatment of rhBMP-2-mediated bone degenerative diseases and offers a pioneering perspective on the interplay among adipogenesis, cellular senescence, and bone regeneration during the aging process.

Indexed as

AdipogenesisBone Morphogenetic Protein 2Bone RegenerationOsteogenesisSirolimusTransforming Growth Factor betaAdipocytesAnimalsCell DifferentiationCells, CulturedCellular SenescenceHumansMesenchymal Stem CellsRatsRecombinant ProteinsBone Morphogenetic Protein 2recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2Recombinant ProteinsSirolimusTransforming Growth Factor betaaged bone regenerationcellular senescenceosteogenesis–adipogenesis balancerapamycinrhBMP‐2

Identifiers

PMID41603595
PMCPMC12955869

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.