ArticleCardiovascular diabetology2026
Age-specific associations between blood pressure and cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and death among individuals with type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study.
Article in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Relationship between apolipoprotein A levels and chronic kidney disease stage 4-5 in Chinese type 2 diabetes participants.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
- 24-hour diastolic blood pressure average real variability predicts renal progression in diabetic kidney disease: a comprehensive cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the therapeutic effect of new hypoglycemic drugs on patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHigh blood pressure(BP) is a modifiable risk factor for premature mortality, adverse cardiovascular outcomes and kidney diseases in individuals with type 2 diabetes(T2D). We studied the age-specific associations between BP and incident cardiovascular disease(CVD), chronic kidney disease(CKD), kidney failure, and all-cause death among individuals with T2D.
methodsWe included individuals with T2D who underwent structured diabetes assessment between 2000 and 2022 in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China. Participants were stratified by baseline age(18-44 years, 45-59 years, 60-74 years, and 75 years or older). Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate hazard ratios for the risk of incident CVD, CKD, kidney failure and all-cause death associated with systolic blood pressure(SBP) and diastolic blood pressure(DBP) categories, referenced to SBP 120-129 mmHg and DBP 70-79 mmHg within each age stratum. Non-linear association between SBP/ DBP and clinical outcomes was modelled using restricted cubic splines(RCS).
resultsWe included 429,740 individuals with T2D (mean age 61.9 years, 52.7% men, 75.3% pre-existing hypertension). SBP above 120-129 mmHg and DBP above 70-79 mmHg were associated with a proportional increase in risks for CVD, CKD, kidney failure and death across ages adjusted for demographics, diabetes duration, BMI, smoking status, HbA1c, lipids, albuminuria, history of CVD, CKD and use of BP-lowering medications. The strength of the risk associations was greatest in youngest age group and declined with increasing age. Among individual components of CVD, risks conferred by an incremental increase in SBP or DBP were high for hemorrhagic stroke. A 10 mmHg or 1-SD increase in SBP / DBP conferred a 1.2 to 1.5-fold increase in hazards for hemorrhagic stroke among individuals aged 18-44 years (p-interaction < 0.001). RCS indicated variable linear and nonlinear associations between SBP/DBP and CVD, kidney disease, or death across age categories.
conclusionsWe observed heterogeneity in the relationship between BP and various clinical outcomes across ages in a diabetes population. Risk associations were strongest among young individuals, emphasising the importance of BP management in this population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.