Protective role of hydroalcoholic extract of

Background and purpose: This study explored the impact of the hydroalcoholic extract of Experimental approach: The essential oil of MG was characterized using GC-MS and the HEMG, obtained through continuous maceration. Male albino mice were subjected to 7 groups (n = 9), including normal diet, high-fat diet (HFD, 12 weeks), HEMG (62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg, orally, 8 weeks), or vitamin E (20 mg/kg, orally, 8 weeks) supplementation with HFD. Blood samples were analyzed for serum biomarkers, and liver mitochondria were isolated to assess oxidative stress markers. Histopathological examinations of liver tissue were conducted. Findings/Results: MG was rich in cyclohexanol, carvacrol, and phenol, with HEMG exhibiting an antioxidant activity of 50.14 ± 3.56 μg/mL. It contained 73.47 ± 0.85 mg of gallic acid equivalents per g of TPC and 62.56 ± 1.30 mg/g of TTC, indicating the significant antioxidant properties of HEMG. Mice on an HFD exhibited elevated serum biomarkers, including ALT, AST, ALP, TG, TC, and LDL, along with a reduction in HDL levels. Oxidative stress factors, including ROS, protein carbonyl, and MDA, increased, while mitochondrial function, GSH, catalase, and SOD were decreased in the NAFLD groups. Furthermore, treatment with HEMG supplementation led to improvements in serum biomarkers and enhanced oxidative stress markers, thus alleviating liver damage and hepatic steatosis caused by the HFD. Conclusion and implications: These results suggest that HEMG holds promise as a candidate in addressing NAFLD.