Evidence mapPaperPMID 41607992Full record

ReviewCureus2025

Evolution and Future of Glucose Monitoring: From Blood Glucose Meters to Continuous Systems and Their Projected Impact in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region.

Omar Darkhabani, Abdalla Ahmed

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Omar DarkhabaniImport Management, Nahdi Medical Company, Jeddah, SAU.
Abdalla AhmedMedical Microbiology, Noor Biotech, Al Qadarif, SDN.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The management of diabetes mellitus is fundamentally reliant on the accurate measurement of glycemic levels. For decades, self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) via finger-stick blood glucose meters (BGMs) has been the cornerstone of daily diabetes care. However, the advent of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems represents a paradigm shift, offering real-time interstitial fluid glucose readings, trend data, and hypoglycemic alerts. This review delineates the fundamental principles, developmental history, and comparative advantages and disadvantages of BGM and CGM technologies. We explore the technical evolution from first-generation reflectance meters to modern, connected BGMs and from retrospective professional CGMs to minimally invasive, real-time personal and factory-calibrated systems. Furthermore, we project the future trajectory of these technologies, including non-invasive methods and algorithmic integration. A specific focus is placed on the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, which bears one of the world's highest diabetes prevalence rates. We analyze the current market dynamics and project a significant growth in CGM adoption from 2025 to 2035, driven by increasing awareness, competitive pricing, and crucial expansions in healthcare reimbursement, even as BGM remains a vital tool for large segments of the population.

Indexed as

continuous glucose monitoringdiabetesflash glucose monitoringmena regionself-monitoring of blood glucosetechnology adoption

Identifiers

PMID41607992
PMCPMC12846742

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.