Evidence mapPaperPMID 41609174Full record

ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2026

Retinal and Choriocapillaris Thickness and Age in Macaques in Development and Aging.

Lingli Zhou, Yingxue Cao, Folahan Adesola Ibukun, Wei Yi, Kaoru Ri, Haining Lu, Mingming Xu, Shuxin Fan, Sophia Liang, Le Shi and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Aging of Nonhuman Primate Eyes Is Sexually Dimorphic.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Lingli ZhouDepartment of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.
Yingxue CaoDepartment of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.
Folahan Adesola IbukunDepartment of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.
Wei YiState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China.
Kaoru RiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.
Haining LuDepartment of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.
Mingming XuState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China.
Shuxin FanState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China.
Sophia LiangDepartment of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.
Le ShiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.
Ziqi YangState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China.
Xiangrong KongDepartment of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.
Charles EberhartDepartment of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.
Xialin LiuState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China.
Elia J DuhDepartment of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.

Funding

CORE--TRANSMISSION &IMAGING EMP30EY001765 · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · 1985 to 2005
$3.7M
Soluble guanylate cyclase in diabetic retinopathyR01EY035549 · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · 2025 to 2025
$474k
Reparative angiogenesis in ischemic retinopathyR01EY035897 · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · 2025 to 2025
$409k
NEI NIH HHS P30 EY001765NEI NIH HHS R01 EY035549NEI NIH HHS R01 EY035897
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: Nonhuman primates (NHPs) serve as valuable models for human retinal and choroidal diseases related with development and aging. This study aimed to investigate the association among age and thickness of the retina, RPE, and choriocapillaris in cynomolgus macaques. Association of age with choriocapillaris was examined in postmortem human samples. Methods: Optical coherence tomography images were obtained from 543 eyes from 285 macaques aged 0.78 to 22.4 years. The association between age and thickness of retinal and subretinal layers were examined using piecewise linear mixed effects models. Choriocapillaris thickness was assessed microscopically in postmortem human globes from 24 individuals aged 11 to 82 years. Results: Before age 4 years (equivalent to 12 years in humans), total retinal thickness and ganglion cell layer, inner nuclear layer, and parafoveal outer nuclear layer thickness were positively associated with age, whereas after age 4 years, thicknesses of these layers were negatively associated. Age was negatively associated with retinal nerve fiber layer and foveal outer nuclear layer thickness, but positively with thicknesses of RPE/Bruch's membrane and choriocapillaris layers throughout the entire age range. Analysis of postmortem human specimens demonstrated a positive correlation between choriocapillaris diameter and age. Conclusions: Cynomolgus macaques undergo thickening of multiple retinal layers through their juvenile stage. Afterward, macaques undergo thinning of multiple retinal layers with age, suggesting aging-related changes. The increase in choriocapillaris thickness with age in both macaques and humans suggest remodeling due to aging. Cynomolgus macaques represent a valuable NHP model for studying developmental- and aging-related retinal/subretinal changes.

Indexed as

AgingChoroidRetinaAdolescentAgedAged, 80 and overAnimalsChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantMacaca fascicularisMaleMiddle AgedTomography, Optical Coherence

Identifiers

PMID41609174
PMCPMC12859725

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.