Evidence mapPaperPMID 41609974Full record

ArticleOphthalmology and therapy2026

Evaluating Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index and Mortality in Diabetic Retinopathy: A NHANES 2005-2018 Cohort Study.

Shuyang Guo, Yunlei Pang, Tong Bao, Juan Wang, Bozhou Zhang, Songfu Feng, Baoyu Huang

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Article in Ophthalmology and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

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7 authors.

Shuyang Guo *Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Yunlei Pang *Department of Refractive Surgeryy, Chifeng Chaoju Eye Hospital, Chifeng, China.
Tong BaoDepartment of Refractive Surgeryy, Chifeng Chaoju Eye Hospital, Chifeng, China.
Juan WangDepartment of Refractive Surgeryy, Chifeng Chaoju Eye Hospital, Chifeng, China.
Bozhou ZhangDepartment of Refractive Surgeryy, Chifeng Chaoju Eye Hospital, Chifeng, China. zhangbozhou@chaojueye.com.
Songfu FengDepartment of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. fsf516@163.com.
Baoyu HuangDepartment of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China. huangbaoyu2025@163.com.

Funding

Fujian Provincial Special Fund BPB-2023GJ
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of preventable blindness and is linked to excess mortality. Systemic inflammation plays a central role in DR pathogenesis, and the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) has emerged as a novel marker associated with adverse outcomes. However, its prognostic value in DR remains unclear.

methodsUsing nationally representative data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2018, we investigated the association between the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and all-cause mortality among 209 US adults aged ≥ 50 years with DR. Mortality status was ascertained through linkage to the National Death Index through 2019.

resultsWeighted Cox regression models showed that higher SII was modestly but significantly associated with increased mortality risk (HR = 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.002, p < 0.001), with restricted cubic splines indicating a non-linear relationship. SII exhibited moderate predictive ability for mortality, with AUCs declining from 0.762 at 24 months to 0.576 at 60 months. Subgroup analyses suggested that the association between SII and mortality persisted across most demographic and clinical strata.

conclusionThese findings suggest that elevated systemic immune inflammation may independently predict long-term mortality risk in adults with DR, highlighting its potential value as a prognostic biomarker beyond traditional risk factors.

Indexed as

Diabetic retinopathyMortalityNHANESSystemic immune-inflammation index

Identifiers

PMID41609974
PMCPMC12901804

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