Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41612261›Full record

ArticleBMC infectious diseases2026

Machine learning for identifying risk factors of nosocomial infection in cancer patients with immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonia.

Jianzhong Xie, Zhuo Zhao, Cuiyun Zhou, Junxiang Wang, Xiufang Lin, Lingyu Lai, Jinchan Yao, Haiyan Lin, Zuquan Weng

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Jianzhong Xie *Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian, China.
Zhuo Zhao *College of Computer and Data Science, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian, China.
Cuiyun ZhouClinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian, China.
Junxiang WangClinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian, China.
Xiufang LinClinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian, China.
Lingyu LaiClinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian, China.
Jinchan YaoClinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian, China.
Haiyan LinClinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian, China.
Zuquan WengCollege of Computer and Data Science, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian, China. wengzq@fzu.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis retrospective study used machine learning to find the risk factors of nosocomial infection in cancer patients with immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonia.

methodsWe analyzed data of 120 patients with immune-related pneumonia from a specialized cancer hospital collected between January 2020 and December 2023. Linear logistic regression and nonlinear support vector machine (SVM) models were used to evaluate the predictive factors for nosocomial infection risk among the patients.

resultsWe found a nosocomial infection rate of 45.83%, predominantly lower respiratory tract infections, among cancer patients with immune-related pneumonia. Severity and mortality rates for the immune-related pneumonia with nosocomial infection group were significantly higher than those for the non-infected group. Logistic regression analysis showed that immune-related pneumonia was significantly associated with the diagnosis time and with C-reactive protein levels. Nonlinear SVM model SHapley Additive exPlanation graph analysis revealed that diagnosis time, tumor radiotherapy, pulmonary dysfunction, and age were risk factors for nosocomial infections in immune-related pneumonia.

conclusionsOur results highlight the potential of using machine learning to predict the infection risk of immune-related pneumonia. Future multicenter prospective studies are needed to optimize and improve the models and methods used in this study.

Indexed as

Cross InfectionImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsMachine LearningNeoplasmsPneumoniaAgedFemaleHumansLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedPredictive Learning ModelsRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsSupport Vector MachineImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsCancer therapyImmune checkpoint inhibitorImmune-related pneumoniaMachine learningRisk prediction of nosocomial infections

Identifiers

PMID41612261
PMCPMC12924468

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.