ArticleLangmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids2026
In Situ Ptychographic X-ray Computed Tomography of Fully Hydrated Polyamide Membranes.
Article in Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Understanding the morphology of membranes under operational conditions is essential for advancing membrane material development for water purification and industrial applications. Traditional characterization methods, such as scanning and transmission electron microscopy, require vacuum environments and sample modifications that could alter membrane structures susceptible to hydration and swelling. Here, we present the first application of synchrotron-based ptychographic X-ray computed tomography (PXCT) for direct in situ nanoscale 3D imaging of hydrated thin-film composite polyamide membranes immersed in water. This method requires no staining, vitrification, or layer separation from the porous support by exposure to organic solvents. It preserves the polyamide membrane's native state. We studied lab-fabricated membranes containing 2-hydroxy-
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