Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41614458›Full record

ArticleEuropean stroke journal2026

Risk of intracranial haemorrhage in patients with acute ischaemic stroke and prior antiplatelet therapy.

Lukas Nussbaum, Sabine Schaedelin, Leo Bonati, Marcel Arnold, David J Seiffge, Martina Goeldlin, Stefan Engelter, Alexandros A Polymeris, Timo Kahles, Krassen Nedeltchev and 23 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in European stroke journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

33 authors.

Lukas NussbaumDepartment of Neurology and Stroke Centre, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-8147-7286
Sabine SchaedelinDepartment of Clinical Research, Clinical Trial Unit, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Leo BonatiReha Rheinfelden, Rheinfelden and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-1163-8133
Marcel ArnoldDepartment of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
David J SeiffgeDepartment of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-3890-3849
Martina GoeldlinDepartment of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Stefan EngelterDepartment of Geriatric Medicine Felix Platter, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-3855-6234
Alexandros A PolymerisDepartment of Neurology and Stroke Centre, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-9475-2208
Timo KahlesDepartment of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-1569-6376
Krassen NedeltchevDepartment of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Georg KägiDepartment of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, Sankt Gallen, Switzerland.
Davide StramboDepartment of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Alexander SalernoDepartment of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-8494-5527
Emmanuel CarreraDepartment of Neurology, Hôpitaux Universitaires Genève, Geneve, Switzerland.
Susanne WegenerDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-4369-7023
Carlo CeredaStroke Center EOC, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Lugano, Ticino, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-6479-1476
Manuel BologneseDepartment of Neurology, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Luzern, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-4757-2834
Lehel-Barna LakatosDepartment of Neurology, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Luzern, Switzerland.
Andrea HummStroke Unit and Division of Neurology, HFR Fribourg Cantonal Hospital, Fribourg, Switzerland.
Friedrich MedlinStroke Unit and Division of Neurology, HFR Fribourg Cantonal Hospital, Fribourg, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-8477-899X
Nils PetersStroke Center, Klinik Hirslanden, Stroke Center, Zurich and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-8451-7389
Dennis ThummStroke Center, Klinik Hirslanden, Stroke Center, Zurich and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Sylvan AlbertDepartment of Neurology, Kantonsspital Chur, Chur, Switzerland.
Maria LigonDepartment of Neurology, Kantonsspital Chur, Chur, Switzerland.ORCID 0009-0006-8073-4099
Christian BergerStroke Unit, Cantonal Hospital Grabs, Grabs Switzerland.
Marie-Luise MonoDepartment of Neurology, Stadtspital Zurich Triemli, Zurich, Switzerland.
Susanne RenaudStroke Unit and Division of Neurology, Network Hospital Neuchâtel, Neuchatel, Switzerland.
Julien NiederhauserStroke Unit, Hopital de Nyon, Nyon, Switzerland.
Alexander TarnutzerDepartment of Neurology, Kantonsspital Baden, Baden and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-6984-6958
Nicole BruniDepartment of Clinical Research, Clinical Trial Unit, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Mira KatanDepartment of Neurology and Stroke Centre, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Gian Marco De MarchisDepartment of Neurology and Stroke Center, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, St. Gallen and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-0342-9780
Philippe LyrerDepartment of Neurology and Stroke Centre, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionWhether patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) and prior antiplatelet therapy (APT) are at higher risk of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (sICH) has not been established. This study aimed to determine whether prior APT increases the risk of bleeding.

methods41,113 patients treated for AIS in Switzerland between 2014 and 2022 were analysed. The primary outcome was sICH, and secondary outcomes were recurrent ischaemic stroke (IS), all-cause mortality, functional outcome at discharge and 90 days. Patients grouped by prior APT: no APT (nAPT), single APT (SAPT), and dual APT (DAPT) were analysed using logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression. Confounding variables, including revascularisation treatment, were accounted for using multivariable adjustment and matching, and a time-to-event analysis was performed.

resultsIn the adjusted analysis at 90 days, patients with nAPT versus SAPT had a decreased risk of sICH (aOR 0.75 (0.62-0.90), p < 0.01), while these occurred within the first days. There was no difference in the risk of recurrent IS, all-cause mortality, or functional outcome. Patients with DAPT had no higher risk of sICH or mortality than those with SAPT, but a higher occurrence of recurrent IS (aOR 1.41 (1.12-1.77), p < 0.01) and worse functional outcome (aOR 1.18 (1.07-1.31), p < 0.01). The results were consistent after adjusting for revascularisation treatment.

conclusionsPatients with nAPT had a lower risk of sICH than those with SAPT. Patients with DAPT have a higher risk of recurrent IS and worse functional outcome respectively. The majority of sICH occurred within the first days after admission.

Indexed as

Intracranial HemorrhagesIschemic StrokePlatelet Aggregation InhibitorsAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRecurrenceRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsSwitzerlandPlatelet Aggregation Inhibitorsaspirinclopidogrelintracranial haemorrhagesIschaemic strokeplatelet aggregation inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID41614458
PMCPMC12866221

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.