ArticlePloS one2026
Incidence and risk factors for post-stroke delirium in the elderly: A national inpatient sample (NIS) analysis.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The progress in predictive modeling of post-stroke epilepsy.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPost-stroke delirium (PSD) is a critical neuropsychiatric condition affecting up to 50% of elderly patients during hospitalization, often leading to poorer outcomes. Despite its prevalence, PSD remains underrecognized in clinical practice, and national-level studies exploring its risk factors are limited.
objectiveTo examine the incidence and risk factors associated with PSD in elderly individuals (≥65 years) using a large, nationally representative dataset.
methodsData from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample (2010-2019) were analyzed. Elderly patients with a primary diagnosis of stroke were selected, and PSD was defined using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) and ICD-10-CM codes. Multivariate logistic regression, adjusted for demographic, clinical, and hospital variables, identified independent PSD risk factors.
resultsAmong 1,644,773 elderly stroke patients, the incidence of PSD was 19.5%. PSD occurred in 18.9% of ischemic strokes and 24.7% of hemorrhagic strokes. Patients with PSD were significantly older, with a median age of 79 years, compared to 78 years in those without PSD (p < 0.001). They also experienced prolonged hospital stays (5 days vs. 4 days, p < 0.001), incurred greater hospitalization costs ($44,863 vs. $35,787, p < 0.001), and exhibited a higher risk of in-hospital mortality (12.6% vs. 7.0%, p < 0.001). Major risk factors for PSD include: sepsis (OR = 2.364, 95%CI = 2.329-2.400), three or more comorbidities (OR = 2.049, 95%CI = 1.984-2.116) and fluid/electrolyte disorders (OR = 1.902, 95%CI = 1.886-1.918), psychoses (OR = 1.765, 95%CI = 1.725-1.806).
conclusionsPSD is frequently observed in elderly stroke patients and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Advanced age, comorbidities, and stroke-related complications are significant risk factors. These results underscore the importance of developing focused prevention and intervention strategies to enhance outcomes for this high-risk population.
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