Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41618199›Full record

ArticleBMC geriatrics2026

All-cause healthcare utilization among older adults with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular and mental health comorbidities.

Prachi Prajapati, Marie Barnard, John P Bentley, Kaustuv Bhattacharya

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC geriatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Prachi PrajapatiDepartment of Pharmacy Administration, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University, MS, USA. pprajapa@go.olemiss.edu.
Marie BarnardDepartment of Pharmacy Administration, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University, MS, USA.
John P BentleyDepartment of Pharmacy Administration, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University, MS, USA.
Kaustuv BhattacharyaDepartment of Pharmacy Administration, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University, MS, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe prevalence of cardiovascular (CVD) and mental health comorbidities (MHD) among individuals with diabetes is increasing. Pathological differences in these comorbidities may lead to differential healthcare utilization. This study’s objectives were to estimate the prevalence of CVD and MHD among older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and to assess all-cause healthcare utilization among these individuals.

methodsA retrospective cohort analysis among Medicare-insured older individuals with T2DM was conducted. Four study cohorts were defined based on the presence of CVD and MHD. Healthcare utilization was measured as the number of visits. In addition to descriptive statistics, adjusted generalized linear models were fit and recycled predictions were employed to estimate the incremental utilization among study cohorts.

resultsOf 225,165 beneficiaries with T2DM, 53.30% (n=120,003) had neither CVD nor MHD, 23.98% (n=53,992) had CVD but no MHD, 12.05% (n=27,130) had MHD but no CVD, and 10.68% (n=24,040) had both CVD and MHD. Relative to beneficiaries with neither CVD nor MHD, those with CVD but no MHD had 0.11 higher mean inpatient, 2.29 higher mean outpatient, and 0.18 higher mean emergency department (ED) visits annually; those with MHD but no CVD had 0.22 higher mean inpatient, 8.78 higher mean outpatient, and 0.43 higher mean ED visits annually; those with both CVD and MHD had 0.31 higher mean inpatient, 7.53 higher mean outpatient, and 0.59 higher mean ED visits annually. Additionally, when compared to beneficiaries with CVD but no MHD, those with MHD but no CVD had 0.11 higher mean inpatient, 6.49 higher mean outpatient, and 0.25 higher mean ED visits annually.

conclusionOlder adults with T2DM and comorbidities use more healthcare services, especially those with MHD. The development and implementation of integrated care systems for management of chronic diseases and associated comorbidities will help in optimizing the use of healthcare resources.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Mental DisordersPatient Acceptance of Health CareAgedAged, 80 and overCohort StudiesComorbidityEmergency Room VisitsFemaleHumansMaleMedicareRetrospective StudiesUnited StatesCardiovascularComorbiditiesHealthcare utilizationMental healthType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID41618199
PMCPMC13041125

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.