Evidence mapPaperPMID 41618243Full record

ArticleBMC pediatrics2026

Plasma clusterin levels in autism spectrum disorder: bridging biomarkers to social and cognitive dysfunctions.

Nadra Elyass Elamin, Durria Ahmed Abdulmaged, Farah Al-Ghamdi, Hend Al-Ghamdi, Dost Muhammad Halepoto, Laila Yousif Al-Ayadhi

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Article in BMC pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Nadra Elyass ElaminAutism Research and Treatment Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. nadraelyass@hotmail.com.
Durria Ahmed AbdulmagedAutism Research and Treatment Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Farah Al-GhamdiFamily Medicine department, Second Health Cluster, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Hend Al-GhamdiPrince Sultan Medical Military City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Dost Muhammad HalepotoAutism Research and Treatment Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Laila Yousif Al-AyadhiAutism Research and Treatment Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

King Abdul Aziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), National Plan for Science and Technology and Innovation (MAARIFAH) 08-MED 510-02
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a set of complex neurodevelopmental disorders that affect social, communication, and behavioral development, as well as other associated areas such as sensory processing. Extensive research evidence suggests that clusterin (CLU) exerts essential physiological processes in the human body, including neuroprotection, neuroinflammation, cellular arrest, chemoresistance, and apoptosis, that are considered hallmarks in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The contributing role of CLU in neurodegenerative disorders has been widely accepted. However, its role in neurodevelopmental disorders like ASD remains largely unexplored. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the potential role of plasma CLU as a biomarker for ASD and its relationship with ASD severity and social impairment.

methodsPlasma CLU level was measured in 38 children with ASD (aged 3–12 years) compared to 40 age and sex-matched healthy controls (aged 3–13 years), using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The childhood autism rating scale (CARS) and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) were used to assess the severity of ASD and social impairment, respectively. Spearman’s correlations (r) between CLU, CARS, SRS, and age were calculated by SPSS.

resultsOur results indicated that the plasma CLU levels in the ASD group were significantly higher [(median (IQR), 13.61 (8.25)] than in controls [11.75 (7.08)], p=0.041. Furthermore, children with severe autism and impaired social interactions exhibited a significantly higher plasma CLU level [14.08 (13.55)] compared to the mild to moderate subgroup [9.29 (4.80)], p=0.01. However, there was no significant correlation between CLU and severity scores (CARS, SRS) and age of ASD subjects (p>0.05).

conclusionThis study shows that plasma CLU levels could be implicated in the pathophysiology of ASD and may serve as a potential biomarker for ASD. Furthermore, our results suggest that CLU may be associated with the severity of social behavior impairments. However, there was no correlation between CLU and the severity of the disease. More studies with large populations are required to confirm the role of CLU in ASD.

Indexed as

Autism Spectrum DisorderClusterinCognitive DysfunctionSocial BehaviorAdolescentBiomarkersCase-Control StudiesChildChild, PreschoolEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayFemaleHumansMaleSeverity of Illness IndexBiomarkersCLU protein, humanClusterinAutism spectrum disorder (ASD)BiomarkerClusterin (CLU)NeuroinflammationSocial impairments, childhood autism rating scale (CARS)Social responsiveness scale (SRS)

Identifiers

PMID41618243
PMCPMC12934119

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.