Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41618310›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of medical research2026

Association between very high HDL-C levels and cardiovascular mortality.

Sahrish Shaikh, Farman Ali, Sadam Hussain Shaikh, Sartajudin Shaikh, Laraib Fatima, Ghulam Qadir, F N U Simran, Abida Perveen, Jahanzeb Malik

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Article in European journal of medical research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Sahrish ShaikhDepartment of Medicine, Ibn e Seena Hospital, Kabul, Afghanistan.
Farman AliDepartment of Medicine, Ibn e Seena Hospital, Kabul, Afghanistan.
Sadam Hussain ShaikhDepartment of Medicine, Ibn e Seena Hospital, Kabul, Afghanistan.
Sartajudin ShaikhDepartment of Medicine, Ibn e Seena Hospital, Kabul, Afghanistan.
Laraib FatimaDepartment of Medicine, Ibn e Seena Hospital, Kabul, Afghanistan.
Ghulam QadirDepartment of Medicine, Ibn e Seena Hospital, Kabul, Afghanistan.
F N U SimranDepartment of Medicine, Ibn e Seena Hospital, Kabul, Afghanistan.
Abida PerveenDepartment of Medicine, Ibn e Seena Hospital, Kabul, Afghanistan. dark69rd@gmail.com.
Jahanzeb MalikDepartment of Medicine, Abbas Institute of Medical Sciences, Kashmir, Pakistan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo evaluate the association between very high high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and cardiovascular mortality in a general adult population.

methodsIn this retrospective cohort study, 3,758 adults undergoing lipid profiling at a tertiary care center were categorized into five HDL-C groups: Very Low (< 30 mg/dL), Low (30-49 mg/dL), Normal (50-69 mg/dL), High (70-89 mg/dL), and Very High (≥ 90 mg/dL in men or ≥ 110 mg/dL in women). Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected. The primary outcome was cardiovascular mortality over a median follow-up of 5.9 years. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess associations, adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, and medications.

resultsThe Very High HDL-C group demonstrated the highest cardiovascular mortality rate (11.3 per 1,000 person-years) and significantly reduced survival compared to the Normal group (log-rank p = 0.00028). Multivariable analysis revealed that very high HDL-C was associated with increased cardiovascular mortality (adjusted HR: 1.52; 95% CI 1.04-2.24; p = 0.03). Subgroup analyses showed elevated risk in older adults, diabetics, and non-statin users.

conclusionExtremely high HDL-C levels were independently associated with increased cardiovascular mortality, suggesting a U-shaped relationship. These findings warrant cautious interpretation of high HDL-C values in clinical practice.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular mortalityDyslipidemiaHigh-density lipoprotein cholesterolRetrospective cohortU-shaped association

Identifiers

PMID41618310
PMCPMC12947535

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.