ArticleBMC plant biology2026
Pan-genomic diversity of the EPF/EPFL gene family across wild and modern wheat species.
Article in BMC plant biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
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7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe epidermal patterning factor/epidermal patterning factor-like (EPF/EPFL) proteins are pivotal regulators of stomatal development and responses to abiotic stress. However, their functions in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) remain underexplored despite their critical roles in water-use efficiency and drought adaptation.
resultThis pan-genomic identification study investigated a diverse panel of 13 wheat accessions, including wild relatives and modern cultivars, to analyze the genomic diversity, evolutionary history, and functional characterization of the EPF/EPFL family. A total of 365 non-redundant EPF/EPFL genes were identified, revealing substantial structural and phylogenetic divergence between the EPF (24.9%) and EPFL (75.1%) clades. Comparative analyses demonstrated species-specific chromosomal distributions, conserved motif architectures (e.g., Stomagen domains in EPFL9 homologs), and widespread purifying selection (66% of duplicated pairs), indicating functional constraints. Promoter cis-element profiling revealed enrichment for motifs related to stress responses (ABRE, MBS) and hormonal signaling (auxin, jasmonate), consistent with their roles in drought adaptation. MicroRNA target prediction identified Tae-miR530 and Tae-miR408 as key post-transcriptional regulators of EPF/EPFL genes. Collinearity analyses across Poaceae species emphasized conserved synteny blocks, while RNA-seq and RT-qPCR validation in T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring revealed tissue and stress-specific expression patterns, with TaCSEPFL5, TaCSEPFL8, and TaCSEPFL9 homologs exhibiting significant upregulation in spikes, leaves, and roots under PEG-induced osmotic stress. Notably, TaCSEPF1-1B and TaCSEPFL2-3 A displayed antagonistic regulatory dynamics, suggesting functional diversification.
conclusionThis study provides a genomic atlas of the wheat EPF/EPFL gene family, elucidating their evolutionary trajectories, regulatory networks, and drought-responsive expression landscapes. These insights can benefit wheat breeding by enhancing climate resilience through targeted stomatal optimization and the development of stress-adaptive traits.
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