Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41623372›Full record

ArticleHealth science reports2026

Heyde Syndrome: A Literature Review.

Yashika Gupta, Abdul Rehman Shahid Khan, Viraj Shetty, Yeshwini Murali Krishna, Ayisha Maqsood, Muhammad Husnain Ahmad, Masab Ali, Betsy Samuel, Ali Gohar, Abdul Waheed and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health science reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Heyde Syndrome: A Literature Review.Health science reports · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Yashika GuptaDepartment of Medicine Gadag Institute of Medical Sciences Gadag India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1736-2365
Abdul Rehman Shahid KhanDepartment of Medicine Lahore General hospital Lahore Pakistan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4885-0410
Viraj ShettyDepartment of Medicine Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute Bengaluru India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1999-8008
Yeshwini Murali KrishnaDepartment of Medicine Gadag Institute of Medical Sciences Gadag India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7647-7286
Ayisha MaqsoodDepartment of Internal Medicine Faisalabad Medical University Faisalabad Punjab Pakistan.
Muhammad Husnain AhmadSt. Tentishev Asian Medical Institute Kant Kyrgyzstan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5248-0749
Masab AliDepartment of Internal Medicine Faisalabad Medical University Faisalabad Punjab Pakistan.
Betsy SamuelDepartment of Medicine Gadag Institute of Medical Sciences Gadag India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4362-5534
Ali GoharDepartment of Medicine Lahore General hospital Lahore Pakistan.
Abdul WaheedDepartment of Medicine Lahore General hospital Lahore Pakistan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3121-1421
Muhammad Bilal AfzalDepartment of Medicine Mukhtar A Sheikh Hospital Multan Pakistan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1171-3644
Rehan Naseer AhmadKEMU Lahore Pakistan.
Saqib MaqsoodDepartment of Internal Medicine Faisalabad Medical University Faisalabad Punjab Pakistan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background and Aims: Heyde syndrome, a triad of anemia from gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, aortic valve stenosis, and acquired von Willebrand syndrome, primarily affects individuals over 65. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach, including medical therapy, endoscopic intervention, and valve replacement. Despite advances, many aspects remain unclear. This review explores the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of Heyde syndrome while highlighting areas for future research. Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed and Google Scholar focused on English-language human studies, including case reports, clinical trials, reviews, and expert guidelines. Additional literature on Von Willebrand syndrome and GI angiodysplasia was reviewed. The final search was completed on April 5, 2025. Results: Aortic valve replacement improves outcomes and hematologic abnormalities. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) showed lower rates of life-threatening bleeding, fewer perioperative complications, and reduced transfusions compared to surgical replacement. Guidelines recommend dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) for 3-6 months post-TAVR, with 79%-86% of patients experiencing no recurrence of GI bleeds. Management of intestinal angiodysplasia often shows high recurrence rates due to persistent lesions and vWS-2A. Surgical valve replacement also improves bleeding control, even with anticoagulation. Aortic valve replacement should be first-line therapy in severe aortic stenosis with chronic GI bleeding. Conclusion: Heyde syndrome remains a complex and often underrecognized condition in elderly populations. Continued research is critical to deepen understanding and improve patient outcomes, allowing for more personalized and effective care strategies.

Indexed as

aortic stenosisGI angiodysplasiaHeyde syndromevon Willebrand factor deficiency

Identifiers

PMID41623372
PMCPMC12852504

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.