Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41624529›Full record

ArticleMaterials today. Bio2026

A novel dual-reactive primer enhances bond durability and builds chemical interlocking structures at the caries-affected dentin-biomaterial interface.

Kai Tang, Rongchen Xu, Longyan Duan, Zhenyu Yang, Xinkai Cui, Wen Niu, Wei Zhou, Franklin R Tay, Lina Niu, Fu Wang and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Materials today. Bio, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Kai TangState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, 710032, China.
Rongchen XuState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, 710032, China.
Longyan DuanState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, 710032, China.
Zhenyu YangState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, 710032, China.
Xinkai CuiState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, 710032, China.
Wen NiuState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, 710032, China.
Wei ZhouState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, 710032, China.
Franklin R TayThe Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
Lina NiuState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, 710032, China.
Fu WangState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, 710032, China.
Jihua ChenState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, 710032, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Dental caries remains a major challenge in clinical dentistry, with successful resin restoration relying on the formation of a durable dentin-resin interface. In minimally invasive dentistry (MID), caries-affected dentin (CAD) is routinely preserved and often becomes the primary bonding substrate. However, bonding to CAD is suboptimal, and current strategies to improve this interface are limited. Here, we present a novel bonding strategy based on a dual-reactive functional monomer, ITCM, in combination with pretreatment application techniques. A simple 5-s ITCM pretreatment significantly enhanced both immediate and aged bond strength to CAD. Acting as a "molecular bridge", ITCM bridges hydrophilic CAD layer with hydrophobic adhesive layer, facilitating the formation of a chemical interlocking structure, increasing CAD surface energy, and promoting deep adhesive infiltration. In addition, ITCM improves collagen enzymatic resistance and functions as a non-zinc-binding inhibitor of MMPs. Biocompatibility assessments demonstrated acceptable in vitro and in vivo safety, supporting its clinical potential. This study addresses a critical challenge in dentistry by introducing a chemical bonding strategy tailored to CAD. The ITCM pretreatment strategy provides a foundation for next-generation adhesives aimed at reinforcing the CAD-resin interface, extending restoration longevity, and preventing secondary caries.

Indexed as

Caries-affected dentin (CAD)Chemical bondingCollagenDental adhesiveMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)Minimally invasive dentistry (MID)

Identifiers

PMID41624529
PMCPMC12857278

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.