Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41624619›Full record

ReviewWorld journal of emergency medicine2026

Modern management of maxillofacial trauma in the emergency department.

Gaia Bavestrello Piccini, Domenico Sfondrini, Silviu-Andrei Tomulescu, Ciro Esposito, Andrea Piccioni, Giorgia Caputo, Antonio Voza, Christian Zanza, Yaroslava Longhitano, Gabriele Savioli

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in World journal of emergency medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Gaia Bavestrello Piccini1PhD Program in Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Medical Humanities, University of Insubria, Varese 21100, Italy.
Domenico Sfondrini2Department of Emergency, Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia 27100, Italy.
Silviu-Andrei Tomulescu3Department of Internal Medicine, Groupement Hospitalier de l'Ouest Lémanique, Nyon 1260, Switzerland.
Ciro Esposito4Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, ICS Maugeri, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy.
Andrea Piccioni5Emergency, Anesthesiological and Reanimation Sciences Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Giorgia Caputo6Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University San Luigi Gonzaga Teaching Hospital, University of Turin,Turin 10043, Italy.
Antonio Voza7Department of Emergency Medicine, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano 20089, Italy.
Christian Zanza9Department of Systems Medicine - Geriatric Medicine Residency Program, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy.
Yaroslava Longhitano10Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (UPMC), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh 15216, USA.
Gabriele Savioli11Department of Emergency Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia 27100, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMaxillofacial trauma represents a significant challenge in emergency medicine, requiring both diagnostic accuracy and prompt intervention while balancing immediate life-saving interventions with preservation of function and aesthetics. The complex anatomy of this region, with its proximity to critical structures, demands a thorough understanding of assessment and management principles. This narrative review aims to provide evidence-based guidelines for emergency physicians managing maxillofacial trauma, with particular emphasis on early recognition of critical injuries, airway management strategies, and special population considerations.

methodsA narrative review was conducted via a comprehensive literature search of the PubMed and Scopus databases, which focused on maxillofacial trauma management in emergency settings. Articles were selected based on relevance to clinical practice, methodological quality, and current management guidelines. The review synthesized evidence from multiple study types, including original research, systematic reviews, and clinical practice guidelines, to provide practical guidance for emergency physicians.

resultsInitial assessment following Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) principles is crucial, with airway management being a primary concern due to the risk of dynamic obstruction. Critical time-sensitive emergencies include orbital compartment syndrome, trapdoor fractures (in pediatric patients), and facial nerve injuries. Computed tomography (CT) imaging remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Special considerations are required for pediatric patients, who present unique anatomical challenges and injury patterns, and for elderly patients, who often have complex medical comorbidities and increased complication risks. Management strategies range from conservative treatment to urgent surgical intervention, with decisions based on the injury pattern and associated complications.

conclusionEmergency physicians must maintain a structured yet flexible approach to maxillofacial trauma, focusing on early recognition of critical injuries, appropriate airway management, and timely specialist consultation. Understanding injury patterns and their potential complications allows for effective risk stratification and treatment planning, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Indexed as

Facial fracturesLeFort fracturesMaxillofacial traumaOrbital fractures

Identifiers

PMID41624619
PMCPMC12856085

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.