Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41624697›Full record

ArticleThe Pan African medical journal2025

Burden, causes, and treatment approaches of recurrent pregnancy loss: a scoping review.

Alex Bosire, Rose Kosgei, David Gathara, Moses Madadi, Alfred Osoti

Abstract readScoping Review
In one paragraph

Article in The Pan African medical journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Alex BosireDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Rose KosgeiDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
David GatharaHealth Services Unit, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya.
Moses MadadiDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Alfred OsotiDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), defined as the loss of two or more clinically recognized pregnancies before 20 weeks of gestation, poses a significant global medical challenge. Affecting up to 5% of couples trying to conceive, its multifactorial causes include genetic, anatomical, immunological, hormonal, and environmental factors. However, 65% of cases remain idiopathic, exacerbating the complexity of diagnosis and treatment. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face additional challenges due to limited diagnostic capacities, socioeconomic disparities, and the burden of infectious diseases. Advancements in diagnostic and treatment technologies offer promise but are often inaccessible in resource-limited settings. This scoping review involved systematic searches in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and other sources for studies published since 2014. Eligible studies focused on the aetiology, diagnosis, and treatment of RPL. A total of 61 studies were included, primarily from high-income countries, with gaps noted in data from LMICs. Findings highlight RPL's multifaceted aetiology, including chromosomal abnormalities, uterine anomalies, thrombophilias, infections, and lifestyle factors. Advanced diagnostic methods such as next-generation sequencing enable personalized management but remain inaccessible in most LMICs. Management strategies range from immunotherapy and anticoagulants to surgical interventions and lifestyle modifications. Despite promising advancements, gaps in evidence and resource disparities persist, particularly in LMICs, where cultural stigmas and limited healthcare access further complicate care delivery. Addressing RPL requires a multidisciplinary approach encompassing diagnostics, treatment, and psychological support. Tailored strategies are essential for LMICs where inadequate healthcare infrastructure and socioeconomic barriers hinder progress. Prioritizing research, equitable access, and collaborative global efforts are vital to improving outcomes for affected couples worldwide.

Indexed as

Abortion, HabitualDeveloping CountriesFemaleHealthcare DisparitiesHealth Services AccessibilityHumansLife StylePregnancyResource-Limited Settingsdiagnostic approachesetiologyimmunological causesmanagementRecurrent pregnancy loss

Identifiers

PMID41624697
PMCPMC12858643

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.