ArticleCureus2025
Assessing Renoprotective Effects of Empagliflozin and Telmisartan Combination Therapy in Non-albuminuric Diabetic Nephropathy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundNon-albuminuric diabetic kidney disease (DKD) can exhibit "silent" loss of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) despite normal urine albumin. We examined whether sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition added to angiotensin receptor blockade is associated with slower eGFR decline in this phenotype.
methodsIn this retrospective cohort, adults with type 2 diabetes and a non-albuminuric DKD phenotype (urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) <30 mg/g on serial testing, with prespecified evidence supporting DKD when baseline eGFR was 60-89 mL/min/1.73 m
resultsThe analytic cohort included 120 adults with non-albuminuric DKD (empagliflozin + telmisartan, n=60; telmisartan without any SGLT2 inhibitor, n=60). After inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), covariate balance was acceptable (all standardized mean differences <0.10). In weighted linear mixed-effects models, the annualized eGFR slope (negative values indicate decline) was -1.15 mL/min/1.73 m
conclusionsCombination therapy was associated with slower longitudinal eGFR loss, while event-based outcomes were imprecise, supporting larger prospective validation in normoalbuminuric DKD.
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