Evidence mapPaperPMID 41626921Full record

ArticleScandinavian journal of work, environment & health2026

Association between job insecurity and cardiovascular diseases in workers with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Heejoo Park, Jian Lee, Youngsun Park, Juho Sim, Jin-Ha Yoon, Byungyoon Yun

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Article in Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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3 · Its place in the literature

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1 citing paper in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Heejoo Park
Jian Lee
Youngsun Park
Juho Sim
Jin-Ha Yoon
Byungyoon YunDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea. yby3721@yuhs.ac.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study analyzes the association between job insecurity, measured by cumulative unemployment, and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among middle-aged workers with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

methodsWe utilized data from the National Health Insurance Service of Korea, focusing on patients with type 2 diabetes, aged 40-50 who were continuously employed in 2009-2010. Job insecurity was defined by cumulative unemployment in 2012-2016 and categorized as stable, partially stable, or unstable. Participants were followed until December 2023, with incident CVD as the primary outcome. Cox regression models estimated sex-stratified hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), with additional subgroup and sensitivity analyses.

resultsAmong 128 704 participants (107 071 males and 21 633 females; median age 51 years), CVD occurred among 6.1% of males and 3.9% of females. Job insecurity was associated with an increased risk of CVD [males: HR 1.12 (95% CI 1.05-1.19) for partially stable, HR 1.25 (95% CI 1.16-1.34) for unstable; females: HR 1.00 (95% CI 0.85-1.19) for partially stable, HR 1.33 (95% CI 1.13-1.57) for unstable]. Subgroup analyses showed particularly elevated risks among low-income males and high-income females. By age, males aged 40-49 in the partially stable and unstable groups had increased CVD risks, while those aged 50-59 had the highest risk in the unstable group. Among females, significant associations appeared only in the 40-49 age group.

conclusionsAmong middle-aged workers with type 2 diabetes, prolonged job insecurity was significantly associated with an increased risk of CVD.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Job SecurityAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsRepublic of KoreaRisk FactorsUnemployment

Identifiers

PMID41626921
PMCPMC13184974

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.