Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41628133›Full record

ArticlePloS one2026

Trends in the burden of gastroesophageal reflux disease in China and Global from 1990 to 2021 and predictive analysis for 2040.

Zexu Tang, Zelin Chen, Yongjian Huang, Jinwen Fang, Xiangyang Yang, Chunzhu Li, Huiying Zhang, E Xie

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Zexu TangGraduate School, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Zelin ChenGraduate School, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Yongjian HuangGraduate School, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Jinwen FangDepartment of the Center for Gastroesophageal Relux Disease, Shantou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
Xiangyang YangDepartment of the Center for Gastroesophageal Relux Disease, Shantou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
Chunzhu LiDepartment of the Center for Gastroesophageal Relux Disease, Shantou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
Huiying ZhangDepartment of the Center for Gastroesophageal Relux Disease, Shantou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
E XieDepartment of the Center for Gastroesophageal Relux Disease, Shantou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shantou, Guangdong, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0811-6799

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study analyzed the temporal trends in the age- and gender-specific disease burden of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in China from 1990 to 2021, comparing its incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) with global estimates.

methodsData were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database 1990-2021. The Joinpoint regression model was used to quantify trends via annual average percentage change (AAPC) and 95% confidence intervals. Multidimensional comparisons were conducted by age, gender, and time.

resultsFrom 1990 to 2021, China exhibited declining trends in age-standardized incidence, prevalence, and DALYs rates for GERD, in contrast to increasing trends globally. Disease burden was higher among females and increased with age, with the middle-aged and elderly experiencing the greatest rise. Projections indicate a continued increase in GERD burden in China by 2040.

conclusionDespite recent declines, GERD remains a significant public health challenge in China due to its large population and rapid aging. Targeted prevention and intervention strategies are urgently needed.

Indexed as

Gastroesophageal RefluxAdolescentAdultAgedChildChild, PreschoolChinaCost of IllnessDisability-Adjusted Life YearsFemaleGlobal Burden of DiseaseHumansIncidenceInfantMaleMiddle Aged

Identifiers

PMID41628133
PMCPMC12863522

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.