Evidence mapPaperPMID 41628971Full record

GuidelineSaudi medical journal2026

National Heart Center/Saudi Heart Association 2025 Guidelines for Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention and Risk Assessment.

Jamilah S AlRahimi, Shukri M Al Saif, Laith Hussain-Alkhateeb, Ali M Albarrati, Owayed M Alshammeri, Talal S Alghamdi, Khalid A Al Faraidy, Ada M Al-Qunaibet, Nada A Alnaji, Rasha A Alfawaz and 4 more

Abstract readPractice Guideline
In one paragraph

Guideline in Saudi medical journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Jamilah S AlRahimiDepartment of Cardiac Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Shukri M Al SaifSeha Virtual Hospital, Saudi Arabia.
Laith Hussain-AlkhateebGlobal Health Research Group, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Ali M AlbarratiProfessor and Consultant of Rehabilitation and Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Sciences Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Owayed M AlshammeriDr. Sulaiman Al Habib Hospitals, Alrayyan Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Talal S AlghamdiConsultant of Family Medicine and Preventive Cardiology, Head of Family Medicine & Primary Health Care Services, Al Hammadi Hospitals Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Khalid A Al FaraidyKing Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
Ada M Al-QunaibetPublic Health Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Nada A AlnajiManager, Non-Communicable Disease Programs and Policies, Gulf Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Rasha A AlfawazDirector, Public Health Programs and Policies, Gulf Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Waleed M AlharbiDepartment of Cardiac Sciences, College of Medicine, King Fahad Cardiac Center, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Waleed A AlHabeebDepartment of Cardiac Sciences, King Saud University. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Fahad M AlnouriHead of the Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Prince Sultan Cardiac Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Adel A TashDirector, National Heart Center, Saudi Health Council, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo develop an evidence-based clinical guideline for the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in Saudi Arabia, tailored to local epidemiology and healthcare needs.

methodsA multidisciplinary task force comprising cardiologists, public health specialists, and epidemiologists from different healthcare sectors in Saudi Arabia developed the guideline. Evidence synthesis was based on a comprehensive literature review and adaptation of international guidelines, particularly the 2021 European Society of Cardiology recommendations, contextualized to the Saudi setting.

resultsThe guideline provides recommendations for both primary and secondary CVD prevention. Primary prevention emphasizes risk assessment incorporating genetic, lifestyle, and clinical factors, as well as lipid and glucose profiling. Lifestyle modifications, including dietary changes, smoking cessation, physical activity, weight management, and psychosocial support, are prioritized. Pharmacologic therapy targets lipid levels, blood pressure, and glycemic control, tailored to individual risk categories. For secondary prevention, strategies include post-event risk stratification, comorbidity management (diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease), and optimization of pharmacologic therapy for coronary artery disease, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral artery disease. Lifestyle interventions, supervised cardiac rehabilitation, and routine follow-up for complication monitoring and treatment adjustment are integral components.

conclusionThis guideline presents an updated, evidence-based framework specifically designed for the Saudi population, underscoring prevention, lifestyle modification, and optimized pharmacologic management to address the rising burden of CVDs.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesPrimary PreventionHumansLife StyleRisk AssessmentSaudi ArabiaSecondary PreventionCardiovascular diseaseGuidelinelifestyle modificationPreventionPrimaryrisk assessmentSaudi ArabiaSecondary

Identifiers

PMID41628971
PMCPMC12971116

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.