ArticleArchives of osteoporosis2026
Epidemiology of hip fractures in Costa Rica and development of country- specific thresholds to estimate fracture risk.
Article in Archives of osteoporosis, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- On the development and application of country-specific FRAX models in Latin America.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026Article
- Comparison of country-specific FRAX models throughout Latin America: lessons from Costa Rica and Ecuador.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A country-specific FRAX® model for Costa Rica was developed using national hip fracture data from 2015-2019. Hip fracture incidence increased with age, was consistently higher in women, and exceeded rates reported in neighboring Latin American countries. Costa Rica also demonstrated higher 10-year major osteoporotic fracture probabilities at older ages compared with regional FRAX® models. An estimated 3,176 hip fractures occurred in 2020, with projections indicating an increase to 9,946 cases by 2050. These findings underscore the growing burden of hip fractures in Costa Rica and the need for targeted prevention strategies.
objectiveTo describe the epidemiology of hip fractures in Costa Rica and to develop a country-specific FRAX® model calibrated with national fracture and mortality data.
methodsAll hip fractures (ICD-10 S72.0, S72.1, S72.2) recorded in the Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social registry from 2015-2019 were included. Age- and sex-specific incidence rates were combined with United Nations mortality data to construct a Costa Rica-specific FRAX® model. Ten-year fracture probabilities were estimated and compared with those from other Latin American countries with calibrated FRAX® models. National projections for hip fracture burden in 2020 and 2050 were derived using United Nations population forecasts. Age-specific FRAX® assessment and intervention thresholds were developed following established international methodology.
resultsHip fracture incidence increased with age and was consistently higher in women than in men. Compared with other Latin American countries, Costa Rica demonstrated higher age-specific hip fracture rates and higher 10-year major osteoporotic fracture probabilities at older ages. An estimated 3,176 hip fractures occurred in adults aged ≥ 50 years in 2020, with a projected increase to 9,946 by 2050. Age-specific FRAX® threshold curves showed widening separation with advancing age, reflecting increasing fracture probability in older age groups.
conclusionCosta Rica exhibits a comparatively high burden of hip fractures and fracture risk, which is expected to rise substantially with population aging. The newly developed Costa Rica-specific FRAX® model provides an essential tool for improving fracture risk assessment and guiding evidence-based osteoporosis management in clinical practice.
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