Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41630047›Full record

ArticleChinese medicine2026

Electroacupuncture alleviates migraine through CXCL13/CXCR5-mediated communication.

Yine Song, Shaoru Zhao, Peiyue Peng, Yuhan Liu, Chengcheng Zhang, Baicheng Cao, Yuxi Luo, Xin Yang, Jiangyan Wei, Xiaobo Ge and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Chinese medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Yine Song *Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Capital Medical University, No. 23 Meishuguan Houjie, Beijing, 100010, China.
Shaoru Zhao *Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Capital Medical University, No. 23 Meishuguan Houjie, Beijing, 100010, China.
Peiyue PengDepartment of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Capital Medical University, No. 23 Meishuguan Houjie, Beijing, 100010, China.
Yuhan LiuDepartment of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Capital Medical University, No. 23 Meishuguan Houjie, Beijing, 100010, China.
Chengcheng ZhangDepartment of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Capital Medical University, No. 23 Meishuguan Houjie, Beijing, 100010, China.
Baicheng CaoDepartment of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Capital Medical University, No. 23 Meishuguan Houjie, Beijing, 100010, China.
Yuxi LuoDepartment of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Capital Medical University, No. 23 Meishuguan Houjie, Beijing, 100010, China.
Xin YangDepartment of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Capital Medical University, No. 23 Meishuguan Houjie, Beijing, 100010, China.
Jiangyan WeiDepartment of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Capital Medical University, No. 23 Meishuguan Houjie, Beijing, 100010, China.
Xiaobo GeDepartment of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Capital Medical University, No. 23 Meishuguan Houjie, Beijing, 100010, China.
Luopeng ZhaoDepartment of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Capital Medical University, No. 23 Meishuguan Houjie, Beijing, 100010, China.
Bin LiDepartment of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Capital Medical University, No. 23 Meishuguan Houjie, Beijing, 100010, China.
Lu LiuDepartment of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Capital Medical University, No. 23 Meishuguan Houjie, Beijing, 100010, China. lululalavictor1985@126.com.

Funding

Beijing Hospital Management Center "peak" talent training plan team DFL20241001Beijing Natural Science Foundation 7232270Beijing Natural Science Foundation 7234409Capital's Funds for Health Improvement and Research CFH2024-2-2235China National Natural Science Foundation 82074179China National Natural Science Foundation 82305389Out-standing Young Talents Program of Capital Medial University B2207
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

rationaleChronic migraine is characterized by persistent trigeminal sensitization and neuroinflammation. however, the molecular mechanisms underlying its maintenance and mediate the therapeutic effects of acupuncture remian incompletely understood.

methodA chronic migraine-like state was induced in mice by repeated dural inflammatory soup (IS), followed by electroacupuncture (EA). Behavioral hypersensitivity was assessed, and molecular changes in the spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Sp5C) were analyzed using transcriptomic, biochemical, and functional approaches.

resultRepeated inflammatory stimulation markedly increased CXCL13 and CXCR5 expression and ERK phosphorylation in the Sp5C, accompanied by mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, glial activation, and elevated IL-6 and CCL2 levels. EA significantly attenuated pain hypersensitivity and reduced CXCL13/CXCR5 expression, ERK activation, glial reactivity, and inflammatory mediator release. EA also decreased migraine-related neuropeptides and synaptic plasticity markers, including substance P, PACAP, and NR2B. Functional manipulation experiments demonstrated bidirectional regulation of pain behaviors by CXCR5, establishing its causal role in chronic migraine-like sensitization. MicroRNA profiling identified a dysregulated miRNA signature converging on the transcription factor FOXO3, which indirectly regulated CXCR5 transcription, defining a miRNA-FOXO3-CXCR5 regulatory pathway.

conclusionOur study reveals the CXCL13/CXCR5/ERK axis as a previously unrecognized pathway in migraine neuroinflammation and demonstrates electroacupuncture's multimodal therapeutic mechanisms. These findings provide: (1) novel mechanistic insights into migraine pathophysiology through CXCR5-mediated signaling, and (2) translational implications for chronic migraine treatment by targeting the CXCL13/CXCR5/ERK axis. This work establishes a foundation for future development of targeted therapies and validates electroacupuncture as a viable intervention for migraine management.

Indexed as

Cross-talkCXCR5FOXO3MigraineNeuroinflammationNeuron

Identifiers

PMID41630047
PMCPMC12866310

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.