Evidence mapPaperPMID 41634285Full record

ArticleJournal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology2026

National Poison Center Trends in GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Exposures Following FDA Approval for Weight Loss.

Jordan Miller, Robert Miller, Shawn M Varney, David Han

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Jordan MillerCollege of AI, Cyber and Computing, UT San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Robert MillerSouth Texas Poison Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Long School of Medicine, UT San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA. MillerRS@uthscsa.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-8647-7552
Shawn M VarneySouth Texas Poison Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Long School of Medicine, UT San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
David HanCollege of AI, Cyber and Computing, UT San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are therapies for type 2 diabetes whose use expanded sharply after semaglutide's 2021 approval for obesity. Although gastrointestinal effects are well described, national patterns of acute GLP-1 RA exposures are poorly characterized. This study evaluated trends in GLP-1 RA exposures reported to U.S. poison centers, focusing on demographic shifts, exposure circumstances, and clinical outcomes before and after the 2021 FDA approval.

methodsWe analyzed human GLP-1 RA exposures reported to the National Poison Data System from 2012 to 2023, using July 1, 2021, to define pre- and post-approval periods. Demographics, exposure characteristics, therapies, and medical outcomes were compared using standardized statistical tests. Quarterly call counts were modeled with segmented Poisson regression to assess changes in reporting trajectory.

resultsA total of 10,033 exposures were identified (3,113 pre-approval; 6,920 post-approval). Semaglutide predominated post-approval (64.2%). The exposed population shifted younger and more female. Most cases were unintentional therapeutic errors with mild gastrointestinal symptoms. The proportion managed in or referred to a health care facility increased from 23.0% to 33.5% (RR = 1.46, [95% CI: 1.36, 1.57], p < 0.001). Segmented Poisson modeling demonstrated a significant inflection in call volume, with semaglutide exposures increasing an additional 9.9% per quarter after approval.

conclusionsGLP-1 RA exposures rose sharply following semaglutide's weight-loss approval, accompanied by increased health care utilization despite generally mild clinical effects. Although multiple factors likely contributed to these trends, improved patient counseling and clearer poison center guidance may help reduce preventable therapeutic errors and unnecessary emergency evaluation.

Indexed as

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsGlucagon-Like PeptidesPoison Control CentersWeight LossAdolescentAdultAgedChildChild, PreschoolDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Drug ApprovalFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSemaglutideGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsGlucagon-Like PeptidesSemaglutideGlucagon-like peptide receptor agonistsPharmacovigilancePoison centersSemaglutide

Identifiers

PMID41634285
PMCPMC13076849

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.