Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41634684›Full record

ArticleBMC biology2026

Cellular uptake of extracellular dsRNA is tissue-dependent in insects.

Xuekai Shi, Yaoming Liu, Xiaojian Liu, Mureed Abbas, Austin Merchant, Hans Merzendorfer, Zhangwu Zhao, Xuguo Zhou, Kun Yan Zhu, Jianzhen Zhang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Xuekai ShiShanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China.
Yaoming LiuScientific Instrument Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
Xiaojian LiuShanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China.
Mureed AbbasShanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China.
Austin MerchantDepartment of Entomology, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA.
Hans MerzendorferInstitute of Biology, University of Siegen, 57068, Siegen, Germany.
Zhangwu ZhaoShanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China.
Xuguo ZhouDepartment of Entomology, School of Integrative Biology, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. xgzhou@illinois.edu.
Kun Yan ZhuDepartment of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA. kzhu@ksu.edu.
Jianzhen ZhangShanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China. zjz@sxu.edu.cn.

Funding

Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province 202203021211304Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province 202303021212250the National Key R&D Program of China 2022YFE0196200the National Natural Science Foundation of China 31730074the National Natural Science Foundation of China 32302458
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRNA interference (RNAi), a naturally occurring gene silencing mechanism found in almost all eukaryotic organisms, has proven to be an adaptable and powerful tool in therapeutics, bioengineering, and agriculture. Differential responses to RNAi, however, are a key limiting factor, in which cellular uptake of exogenous dsRNA in target organisms remains poorly understood.

resultsHere, to fill this knowledge gap, we integrated omics tools with phenotypic assays to characterize dsRNA uptake mechanisms across tissues in the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera). Our findings clearly demonstrate that cellular uptake of dsRNA is tissue-dependent, involving multiple cell membrane receptors and pathways. In hemocytes, uptake is rapid and mediated by clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis. Epidermal cells utilize clathrin- and caveolin-mediated endocytosis, while midgut cells employ caveolin-mediated endocytosis and Sid-like channel transport. Comparatively, clathrin-mediated endocytosis appears to be the most conserved mechanism across insects, including the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera), and the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera).

conclusionsTaken together, dsRNA enters the cells of different tissue types through diverse pathways. This systematic and comprehensive study not only advances our understanding of the cellular uptake of extracellular dsRNA and the resultant differential sensitivity to RNAi in insects, but also facilitates the ongoing integration of this species-specific biotechnology into sustainable integrated pest management practices.

Indexed as

EndocytosisLocusta migratoriaRNA, Double-StrandedAnimalsHemocytesRNA InterferenceRNA, Double-StrandedCellular uptakedsRNAEndocytosisLocusta migratoriaRNAiTissue-dependent

Identifiers

PMID41634684
PMCPMC12958628

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.