Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41634717›Full record

ArticleBMC health services research2026

Identifying barriers to the acceptability and adoption of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and proposed strategies in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka: a qualitative study.

Anqi Zhu, Sungwon Yoon, Aysha Almas, Aliya Naheed, H Asita de Silva, Chamini Kanatiwela de Silva, Lathika Athauda, Nantu Chakma, Muhammad Shahid Khan, Noshin Farzana and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC health services research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Anqi ZhuProgram in Health Services Research and Population Health, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
Sungwon YoonProgram in Health Services Research and Population Health, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
Aysha Almas *Internal Medicine Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Aliya Naheed *Nutrition Research Division, Non-Communicable Diseases, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
H Asita de Silva *Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka.
Chamini Kanatiwela de SilvaRemediumOne, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Lathika AthaudaDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka.
Nantu ChakmaNutrition Research Division, Non-Communicable Diseases, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Muhammad Shahid KhanInternal Medicine Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Noshin FarzanaNutrition Research Division, Non-Communicable Diseases, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Tazeen H JafarProgram in Health Services Research and Population Health, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore. tazeen.jafar@duke-nus.edu.sg.

Funding

SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute SDGHI_PGA_FY2022-03
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionIn South Asia, hypertension is a leading modifiable risk factor for premature death. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is an internationally recommended method for hypertension diagnosis, but remains underutilized in South Asia, with little evidence on users’ perspectives. This study aims to identify barriers and proposed strategies related to the acceptability and adoption of ABPM for hypertension management from the perspectives of patients with hypertension and healthcare professionals in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.

methodsAcross government and private facilities in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, we performed semi-structured interviews with 35 patients with hypertension who had previous experience of using ABPM. We also interviewed 29 healthcare professionals involved in hypertension management who had knowledge on ABPM use, including 11 technicians, 15 specialist physicians, 2 primary care physicians, and 1 administrative head. Guided by a combined framework of the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability and the Consolidated Framework of Implementation Research, we used framework analysis to identify barriers and proposed strategies.

resultsWhile patients with hypertension and healthcare professionals generally supported expanding ABPM use across all three countries, social stigma around ABPM emerged as a common cultural barrier for patients in South Asia. Other key barriers included low public awareness, limited public availability and insurance coverage, lack of organizational alignment and readiness, and patient burden and inconvenience. Participants proposed strategies to address these barriers, including public awareness campaigns to promote and normalize ABPM use, expanding public access through government and donor support, improving ABPM integration by standardizing clinical pathways and strengthening the workforce, and developing more user-friendly ABPM device.

conclusionIn resource-constrained South Asian settings, our findings highlight the need for public education and stronger government support to improve ABPM adoption and acceptability. We provide actionable and context-sensitive insights to inform interventions aimed at reducing social stigma and expanding equitable ABPM access, and to support local guidelines and policies for improving hypertension management through acceptable approaches.

Indexed as

Blood Pressure Monitoring, AmbulatoryHypertensionPatient Acceptance of Health CareAdultAgedBangladeshFemaleHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHealth Services AccessibilityHumansInterviews as TopicMaleMiddle AgedPakistanQualitative ResearchSocial StigmaAcceptabilityAmbulatory blood pressure monitoringHypertensionQualitative researchSouth Asia

Identifiers

PMID41634717
PMCPMC12903567

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.