Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41634787›Full record

ArticleNeurological research and practice2026

AI-assisted hemorrhage detection following endovascular stroke treatment: a retrospective diagnostic accuracy study.

Luise Endler, Miar Ouaret, Janos Sebestyen Gellén, Johannes A R Pfaff

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Article in Neurological research and practice, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Luise EndlerDepartment of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Salzburg Paracelsus Medical University, Ignaz-Harrer-Straße 79, Salzburg, A-5020, Austria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-4399-1409
Miar OuaretDepartment of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Salzburg Paracelsus Medical University, Ignaz-Harrer-Straße 79, Salzburg, A-5020, Austria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6189-064X
Janos Sebestyen GellénDepartment of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Salzburg Paracelsus Medical University, Ignaz-Harrer-Straße 79, Salzburg, A-5020, Austria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-9302-6706
Johannes A R PfaffDepartment of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Salzburg Paracelsus Medical University, Ignaz-Harrer-Straße 79, Salzburg, A-5020, Austria. j.pfaff@salk.at.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0672-5718

Funding

Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität RFA-24-05-Pfaff
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAntithrombotic therapy is essential for preventing strokes, but its use after reperfusion therapy requires careful monitoring due to the risk of hemorrhagic transformation. Non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography (NCCT) is the standard for detecting intracranial hemorrhages post-stroke. Artificial intelligence may enhance hemorrhage detection and improve patient safety. This study evaluates AI’s sensitivity and specificity in detecting hemorrhagic events in NCCT scans within 48 h after endovascular stroke treatment, compared to standard radiological assessment.

methodsA retrospective, single-center study was conducted at a European stroke center, including 495 NCCT scans from 425 patients who underwent endovascular stroke treatment between 08/2021 and 06/2024. A CE-marked AI software based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) analyzed the scans independently. The reference standard was assessments of two board-certified neuroradiologists, and AI results were compared with routine radiological reports. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated, and inter-rater reliability was assessed using Cohen’s kappa.

resultsThe reference standard identified hemorrhages in 197 NCCT scans. The AI system showed sensitivity of 95.9%, specificity of 84.6%, PPV of 80.4%, and NPV of 96.9%. Radiological reports had sensitivity of 91.9%, specificity of 96.3%, PPV of 94.3%, and NPV of 94.7%. Cohen’s kappa was higher for radiological reports (0.886) than AI (0.780), indicating stronger agreement with the reference standard. AI had a higher false-positive rate (15.4%) than radiological reports (3.7%).

conclusionsAI demonstrated high sensitivity for detecting intracranial hemorrhages but had a higher false-positive rate compared to routine radiological assessment. While AI can aid clinical decision-making, radiologists show superior overall diagnostic accuracy. Further research is needed to explore the impact of AI-assisted decision-making on stroke management and secondary prevention.

Identifiers

PMID41634787
PMCPMC12870412

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.