ReviewCureus2026
Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Subgingival Microbiome in Periodontitis: A Scoping Review of Prevalence, Mobility, and Future Directions.
Review in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The objective of the study is to evaluate the prevalence, diversity, and mobility of antibiotic-resistant species and resistance genes within the subgingival microbiome of patients with periodontitis. A systematic scoping review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. Five electronic databases were searched for studies published between January 2020 and December 2025 that used molecular techniques (shotgun metagenomics, PCR/qPCR, 16S + PCR) to detect antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in the subgingival plaque of patients with clinically diagnosed periodontitis. Only peer-reviewed articles presenting original data were included; reviews, animal studies, and investigations lacking clear methodological details were excluded. Data extraction included study design, sample size, identified ARGs, associated MGEs, and clinical context. Nine eligible studies involving over 900 subgingival samples were identified. A core resistome was consistently identified across all cohorts, predominantly comprising tetracycline genes (tetM, tetQ, tet32) and macrolide-lincosamide determinants (ermB, ermF, msrD), as well as β-lactamase genes such as cfxA. Sites affected by periodontitis showed higher abundance of these ARGs than healthy controls. Mobile elements, especially Tn916-family conjugative transposons, were often associated with macrolide resistance genes, suggesting potential for horizontal transfer. Methodological differences prevented meta-analysis, and no study compared results based on the 2017 stage/grade classification of periodontitis. The subgingival resistome in periodontitis features a consistent set of tetracycline, macrolide, and β-lactam resistance genes that are increased in disease and frequently associated with mobile transposons. Currently, the evidence remains primarily descriptive; future research should include standardized antibiotic washout periods, longitudinal follow-up, stage/grade stratification, and integrated multi-omics approaches to evaluate functional activity and guide personalized antimicrobial therapies.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.