Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41635921›Full record

ArticleClinical kidney journal2026

Dietary sodium reduction and blood pressure: a dose-response meta-analysis in hypertensive and chronic kidney disease patients.

Omomene Iwelomene, Arthur Gougeon, Michel Burnier, Léonie Belot, Victoria Sourd, Jean Pierre Fauvel, Maelys Granal

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical kidney journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Omomene IwelomeneLaboratoire de biométrie et biologie évolutive, équipe EMET Equipe Evaluation et Modélisation des Effets Thérapeutiques, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.
Arthur GougeonRCTs, Lyon, France.
Michel BurnierFaculté de Biologie et Médecine, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1283-8487
Léonie BelotLaboratoire de biométrie et biologie évolutive, équipe EMET Equipe Evaluation et Modélisation des Effets Thérapeutiques, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.
Victoria SourdLaboratoire de biométrie et biologie évolutive, équipe EMET Equipe Evaluation et Modélisation des Effets Thérapeutiques, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.
Jean Pierre FauvelHospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Service de Néphrologie, Lyon, France.
Maelys GranalLaboratoire de biométrie et biologie évolutive, équipe EMET Equipe Evaluation et Modélisation des Effets Thérapeutiques, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and dietary sodium reduction is a cornerstone strategy for blood pressure (BP) control, particularly in vulnerable populations such as individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), who often present with HTN. This study aims to quantify the dose-response relationship between changes in sodium intake and changes in BP, through a meta-analysis of recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in individuals with CKD and with or without HTN. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Central and Embase databases to identify RCTs published since 2000 that evaluated the isolated effect of sodium intake modification on systolic and diastolic. Only trials estimating sodium intake via 24-h urinary sodium excretion were included to ensure accurate measurement of dietary intervention. A random-effects model was used to pool effect sizes, accounting for between-study heterogeneity. Linear, quadratic and cubic dose-response models were fitted and compared with identify the best-fitting relationship between sodium change and BP change. Results: The analysis included 43 RCTs with 51 distinct population groups, involving 1759 subjects. The linear model best described the dose-response relationship in subjects with CKD, with or without HTN. A reduction in sodium intake of 40 mmol/day (approximately 2.4 g of salt) was associated with a mean systolic BP/diastolic BP reduction of -4.5 mmHg (95% confidence interval -5.8, -3.1)/-2.2 mmHg (-3.0, -1.3) in patients with CKD, -2.3 mmHg (-3.0, -1.6)/-1.1 mmHg (-1.5, -0.6) in patients with HTN and -0.3 mmHg (-0.5, -0.1)/-0.1 mmHg (-0.2, -0.1) in patients without HTN. Conclusion: Reducing sodium intake has a pronounced antihypertensive effect in patients with CKD and/or HTN. Regardless of the variability in effect according to BP status, adopting a low-salt diet represents good clinical practice and should be considered a standard prescription, particularly for individuals with CKD, as it supports better BP control and helps reduce cardiovascular risk.

Indexed as

blood pressuredose–responsemeta-analysisrandomized clinical trialssodium

Identifiers

PMID41635921
PMCPMC12863083

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.