ArticleBreast cancer research and treatment2026
Association of low muscle mass and obesity with mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in breast cancer: a population-based study.
Article in Breast cancer research and treatment, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Low muscle mass, obesity, and cause-specific mortality in cancer patients: a nationwide cohort study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeObesity and low muscle mass (LMM) have been associated with adverse outcomes in cancer population. However, their individual and combined effects on long-term mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes in breast cancer patients are not well characterized.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective study of 46,037 women aged 40 years and older with pathologically confirmed breast adenocarcinoma using data from the Cancer Public Library Database. LMM was defined as the lowest quartile of appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), estimated by a validated equation. The remaining quartiles were classified as normal muscle mass (NMM). Obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 25 kg/m
resultsOver a mean follow-up of 4.63 years, 2,286 deaths and 851 incident CVD events were recorded. Compared to NMM, LMM was independently associated with increased overall (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.27, 95% CI 1.15-1.40), cancer-specific (aHR 1.19, 95% CI 1.08-1.32), and cardiovascular (aHR 1.76, 95% CI 1.10-2.81) mortality. When stratified by muscle-obesity status, the LMM with obesity group had the highest risk of overall (aHR 1.69, 95% CI 1.18-2.42) and cancer (aHR 1.58, 95% CI 1.03-2.43) mortality. LMM without obesity was also associated with increased overall, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality.
conclusionsLMM was independently associated with increased mortality in breast cancer patients, with risk amplified in those with coexisting obesity.
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