ArticleJournal of affective disorders2026
Associations of depressive symptoms and antidepressant medication use with physical function among middle-aged adults: Results from the CARDIA Function study.
Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesDepressive symptoms (DS) are associated with lower physical function among older adults, and similar associations have been shown in middle-aged adults. However, studies have overlooked the role of antidepressant medications.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Function study. Analysis included measured physical performance and self-reported function. Elevated DS were defined by the Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression (CESD) as ≥16. Participants were grouped by level of DS (DS-: <16, DS+: ≥16) and antidepressant use (med-: none, med+: any) into one of four categories: DS-/med-, DS-/med+, DS+/med-, and DS+/med+. Multiple linear regression was used to examine associations between DS and antidepressant use with physical function in middle age.
resultsParticipants (n = 2021; 60 ± 4 years, 58.1% female, 44.4% Black race) were categorized to the DS/medication groups as follows: DS-/med-: 73.8%, DS-/med+: 8.3%, DS+/med-: 11.9%, and DS+/med+: 6.0%. Both physical performance and self-reported function scores were highest in the DS-/med- group. Compared to the DS-/med- group (reference), regression coefficients in the fully adjusted model for performance score were -0.73, -0.94, and -0.47 in the DS-/med+, DS+/med-, and DS+/med+ groups, respectively (all p < 0.01, except the DS+/med + group). Compared to the DS-/med- group, regression coefficients in the fully adjusted model for self-reported function score were -1.95, -3.86, and -4.91 in the DS-/med+, DS+/med-, and DS+/med+ groups, respectively (all p < 0.01).
conclusionsCompared to individuals with low/no DS and no antidepressant medication use all other groups had lower physical performance and self-reported physical function.
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