Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41639148›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Glymphatic system impairment in type II diabetes mellitus adults.

Bhaswati Roy, Veronica Lubera, Kamal R Singh, Anshita Singh, Dineth R Karunamuni, Diana E Kosoyan, Megan Carrier, Sarah E Choi, Matthew J Freeby, Rajesh Kumar

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Bhaswati Roy *Departments of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.
Veronica Lubera *Departments of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.
Kamal R SinghDepartments of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.
Anshita SinghDepartments of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.
Dineth R KarunamuniDepartments of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.
Diana E KosoyanDepartments of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.
Megan CarrierDepartments of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.
Sarah E ChoiUCLA School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.
Matthew J FreebyDepartments of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.
Rajesh KumarDepartments of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA. rkumar@mednet.ucla.edu.

Funding

Relationships Between Brain Tissue Integrity and Self-Care Abilities in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes-Administrative SupplementR01NR017190 · NINR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI CHOI, SARAH E, KUMAR, RAJESH · 2018 to 2021
$2.5M
NIH HHS R01 NR017190
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with multiple systemic complications, including cognitive decline and increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases. The glymphatic system, a brain waste-clearance pathway that can be impaired by sleep disturbances common in T2DM, has not yet been examined in the condition. Therefore, the aim was to evaluate glymphatic system in T2DM subjects using diffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index. A total of 78 T2DM adults and 106 healthy controls underwent brain MRI. Sleep issues were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and cognition with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Group differences in DTI-ALPS, sleep metrics, and MoCA scores were assessed with analysis of covariance (covariates, age, sex, and BMI). Other covariates (MoCA, ESS, and sleep apnea status) were also included to examine DTI-ALPS differences between groups, in addition to age, sex and BMI. Correlations analyses were performed to assess associations between sleep measures (PSQI and ESS), disease duration, HbA1c levels, and DTI-ALPS indices in T2DM adults. T2DM patients exhibited higher PSQI (p = 0.03) and ESS (p = 0.004), reflecting poorer sleep quality and increased daytime sleepiness. MoCA scores were significantly lower in T2DM adults (p = 0.001), with impairments emerged in visuospatial skills, attention, and language. Also, significantly reduced DTI-ALPS values appeared in T2DM over controls (p = 0.017), but no significant associations were found between DTI-ALPS index and other measures in T2DM adults. T2DM adults show impaired glymphatic function along with poor sleep quality and daytime sleepiness. The findings indicate that glymphatic dysfunction, potentially-driven by metabolic, vascular, and sleep-related disturbances may exacerbate cognitive deficits in T2DM adults.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glymphatic SystemAdultAgedCase-Control StudiesDiffusion Tensor ImagingFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedSleep QualitySleep Wake DisordersALPS indexCognitionDiffusion tensor imagingEpworth sleepiness scaleMagnetic resonance imagingSleep

Identifiers

PMID41639148
PMCPMC12923780

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.