Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41639545›Full record

ReviewJournal of liver cancer2026

Surgical management of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma: a narrative review of principles, technical nuances, and emerging strategies.

Woohyung Lee, Kwang Pyo Hong, Jae Hoon Lee, Mirang Lee, Minkyu Sung, Seung Jae Lee, Ki Byung Song, Dae Wook Hwang, Song Cheol Kim

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of liver cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Woohyung LeeDivision of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Kwang Pyo HongDivision of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Jae Hoon LeeDivision of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Mirang LeeDivision of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Minkyu SungDivision of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Seung Jae LeeDivision of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Ki Byung SongDivision of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Dae Wook HwangDivision of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Song Cheol KimDivision of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Funding

Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center 2025IF0046-1Ministry of Science and ICTNational Research Foundation of Korea RS-2025-24683021
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common primary liver cancer after hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, combined HCC-CCA is a rare malignancy exhibiting hepatocytic and cholangiocytic differentiation. For both tumors, R0 resection with regional lymph node dissection remains the only potentially curative treatment. Nevertheless, key aspects of surgical management remain controversial. In this narrative review, we synthesize contemporary evidence on the surgical management of intrahepatic CCA and combined HCC-CCA. We summarize current data on lymphadenectomy, safety, and oncologic comparability of minimally invasive vs. open surgery, and integration of liver hypertrophy techniques for major hepatectomy. We also review the emerging clinical experience with immune checkpoint inhibitor-based chemoimmunotherapy as a neoadjuvant treatment and conversion surgery for advanced disease. We highlight persisting knowledge gaps and propose practical perspectives to support individualized surgical planning for this heterogeneous disease.

Indexed as

Bile duct cancerLiver cancerPrognosisRecurrence

Identifiers

PMID41639545
PMCPMC13062585

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.