Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41639693›Full record

ArticleBMC oral health2026

Minor salivary flow as a diagnostic tool for screening hyposalivation in Medication-Induced Xerostomia.

Sanjana Santhosh Kumar, Genevieve Arany-Lao-Kan, Xiuhui Xu, Abdel Hameed Mahmoud, Fabio Campanelli Massarotto, Victoria Thomas, Abdul Basir Barmak, Szilvia Arany

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Sanjana Santhosh KumarDepartment of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
Genevieve Arany-Lao-KanCentre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Xiuhui XuDepartment of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
Abdel Hameed MahmoudDepartment of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
Fabio Campanelli MassarottoDepartment of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
Victoria ThomasEastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
Abdul Basir BarmakEastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
Szilvia AranyDepartment of Dentistry, Specialty Care, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, 625 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14620, USA. szilvia_arany@urmc.rochester.edu.

Funding

Impact of Anticholinergic Medication on Salivary Function; Exploring Potential Genetic Markers for Dry MouthK23DE031021 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI ARANY, SZILVIA · 2021 to 2025
$638k
NIDCR NIH HHS K23 DE031021NIDCR NIH HHS K23DE031021
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWe aimed to determine whether minor salivary flow (MSF) rate, measured via a rapid paper-based test, can serve as a reliable screening tool for detecting hyposalivation. This study, conducted in a real-world clinical setting, evaluated the diagnostic performance of MSF against unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) as the reference standard in individuals experiencing xerostomia due to medications.

methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of 135 adults aged 45-64 years with xerostomia and ongoing anticholinergic medication use. MSF was measured using a one-minute Shrimer strip placed in the upper labial vestibule, and reliability was assessed via triplicate measurements in a subsample (n = 40). UWS flow was used as the reference standard for reduced (hyposalivation) saliva secretion. The diagnostic performance of MSF was analyzed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, and multivariable logistic regression assessed its predictive utility after adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates.

resultsMSF demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.94) and strong inter-replicate agreement (r = 0.83-0.87). Participants with hypo ratetion had significantly lower MSF than those without (mean difference = 2.41 µL/cm²/min, p < 0.001). At an optimal MSF cutoff, sensitivity was 80.0% and specificity was 54.5% (with Area Under the Curve; AUC = 0.726). In multivariable models, MSF and xerostomia severity were independent predictors of hyposalivation, with an overall model AUC of 0.827.

conclusionMSF, measured using a simple, non-invasive method, is a reliable and moderately accurate screening tool for identifying hyposalivation in adults with medication-induced xerostomia. These findings support its use in clinical settings; however, further refinement and validation are necessary to establish diagnostic thresholds and determine its applicability.

Indexed as

Cholinergic AntagonistsSalivaSalivary Glands, MinorXerostomiaCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedReproducibility of ResultsSalivationSecretory RateSensitivity and SpecificityCholinergic AntagonistsCholinergic antagonistLipMinor salivary glandsPolypharmacySalivaSensitivitySpecificity

Identifiers

PMID41639693
PMCPMC12973732

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.