ArticleFrontiers in psychology2025
Health-promoting lifestyle as a predictor of well-being in Honduran university students: a structural equation modeling approach with mental health and sleep quality as mediators.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Although a health-promoting lifestyle is associated with greater well-being among university students, the psychological (anxiety, depression) and physiological (sleep quality) mechanisms underlying this relationship remain insufficiently established, highlighting the need for integrative models that better explain well-being. Moreover, empirical evidence on these relationships is still limited in lower-middle-income countries. Accordingly, this study tested a model in which a health-promoting lifestyle predicts subjective well-being, with depression, anxiety, and sleep quality serving as mediating variables within a Latin American context. Method: A cross-sectional design was employed with a sample of 6,704 Honduran university students. The instruments included a short version of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale (GAD-7), the Single-Item Sleep Quality Scale (SQS), and the World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5). Measurement models for each instrument and a multiple-mediation structural equation model were estimated. Results: The final structural model demonstrated adequate fit and explained 61.6% of the variance in well-being. A health-promoting lifestyle predicted greater well-being both directly and indirectly. Among the mediators, depression and sleep quality showed significant indirect effects, whereas anxiety did not play a statistically significant mediating role. Overall, the findings confirm that a health-promoting lifestyle is associated with lower depressive symptomatology and better sleep quality, which in turn enhances subjective well-being. Conclusion: The findings support an integrative model in which a health-promoting lifestyle explains student well-being, highlighting depression and sleep quality as key pathways of influence. These results broaden the understanding of well-being from a multidimensional perspective and provide actionable evidence for designing institutional policies and intervention strategies that promote healthy lifestyle behaviors and well-being, particularly in Latin American settings.
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