Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41645430›Full record

ArticlePublic health nutrition2026

Fixing the food environment: beyond weight-loss drugs.

Elisa Pineda, Charlotte Fenner, Cédric N H Middel

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Public health nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Elisa Pineda *The George Institute for Global Health UK, Imperial College Londonhttps://ror.org/041kmwe10, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5210-1538
Charlotte FennerThe George Institute for Global Health UK, Imperial College Londonhttps://ror.org/041kmwe10, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6882-8064
Cédric N H Middel *Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The growing use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and dual GIP/GLP-1 agonists has intensified debate over the role of pharmacotherapy in addressing obesity. While these drugs can support short-term weight loss, access remains limited, costly and unequal across health systems. Weight regain after cessation and recent price increases, such as for tirzepatide in the United Kingdom, underscore the fragility and inequity of drug-focused approaches. Reliance on medication risks diverts attention from structural drivers of obesity, including the widespread availability, marketing and placement of ultra-processed and high-fat, salt or sugar products and limited access to healthy, minimally processed foods. Population-level action, including mandatory reformulation, marketing restrictions, improved affordability and expanded access to nutritious foods, is essential. Medications may support individuals, but only comprehensive food-system reform can sustainably reduce obesity and diet-related disease.

Indexed as

Anti-Obesity AgentsFood SupplyGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsObesityFood, ProcessedHumansTirzepatideUnited KingdomWeight LossAnti-Obesity AgentsGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsTirzepatideFood environmentHealth equityObesityPharmacological treatmentsUltra-processed foods

Identifiers

PMID41645430
PMCPMC12979011

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.