Evidence mapPaperPMID 41645665Full record

ArticleJournal of internal medicine2026

Prevalence and risk factors for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in Sweden: Insights from the SCAPIS cohort.

Oumarou Nabi, Jonas Spaak, Göran Bergström, Gunnar Engström, Carl Johan Östgren, Andrei Malinovschi, Joel Kullberg, Anders Blomberg, Tomas Jernberg, Daniel P Andersson and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Oumarou NabiDepartment of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4903-9611
Jonas SpaakDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Göran BergströmDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4289-5722
Gunnar EngströmDepartment of Clinical Science in Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Carl Johan ÖstgrenDepartment of Health, Medicine and Caring and Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Andrei MalinovschiDepartment of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4098-7765
Joel KullbergDepartment of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Anders BlombergDepartment of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Tomas JernbergDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Daniel P AnderssonDepartment of Endocrinology, C2:94 Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4655-4837
Hannes HagströmDepartment of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8474-1759

Funding

The Swedish Research Council
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

aimsMetabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common chronic liver disease globally, but its prevalence and severity remain poorly characterized in the general population. Our aim was to estimate the prevalence of MASLD and the risk of advanced fibrosis in a large Swedish general population cohort.

methodsFrom the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) cohort, we analyzed 27,763 participants aged 50-64 years who underwent extensive clinical characterization. MASLD was defined as <48 HU on non-contrast liver computed tomography (CT) imaging. The risk for advanced fibrosis was assessed using the dynamic aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine transaminase (ALT) ratio.

resultsMASLD was present in 18.1% of participants and was more common in men than women (25.5% vs. 11.2%). Prevalence increased with cardiometabolic burden: from 7.0% among those without obesity, hypertension, or Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to 70.2% among those with all three conditions. MASLD risk was elevated in individuals with obesity alone (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.56; 95% CI = 4.89-6.31), T2DM alone (aOR = 2.66; 95% CI = 2.13-3.33), or hypertension alone (aOR = 1.78; 95% CI = 1.59-1.99). The combination of all three conferred the highest risk (aOR = 17.1; 95% CI = 14.0-20.9). Among persons with MASLD, 24.8% were classified as at risk for advanced fibrosis. Fibrosis risk was independently associated with hypertension (aOR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.24-1.66), T2DM (aOR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.06-1.46), male sex (aOR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.02-1.42), and alcohol consumption (aOR per gram/day = 1.02; 95% CI = 1.01-1.03).

conclusionsIn Sweden, almost one in five middle-aged adults is affected by MASLD, with a quarter of cases at risk of advanced fibrosis. Male sex, obesity, T2DM, and hypertension are important predictors of the prevalence and severity of MASLD.

Indexed as

Fatty LiverCohort StudiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleHumansHypertensionLiver CirrhosisMaleMiddle AgedObesityPrevalenceRisk FactorsSwedenTomography, X-Ray Computedadvanced fibrosisMASLDprevalence

Identifiers

PMID41645665
PMCPMC12950636

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.