Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41646439›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in oncology2026

Regional, demographic and temporal trends in anemia and malignant cancer-related mortality in U.S. older adults: a nationwide CDC WONDER analysis (1999-2020).

Muhammad Sarim Azad Khan, Asma Chaudhary, Mirha Imran Khan, Ibrahiem Azeem Ajaz, Arham Khalid, Aroosha Waheed, Mohammed Hammad Jaber Amin

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Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Muhammad Sarim Azad KhanDepartment of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital Lahore Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan.
Asma ChaudharyDepartment of Medicine, Fazaia Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Mirha Imran KhanDepartment of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital Institute of Medical Science, Multan, Pakistan.
Ibrahiem Azeem AjazDepartment of Medicine, Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan.
Arham KhalidDepartment of Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Aroosha WaheedDepartment of Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Mohammed Hammad Jaber AminDepartment of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: Anemia and malignancy concurrently contribute to reduced quality of life, treatment intolerance, and increased morbidity and mortality, disproportionately affecting older adults, socioeconomically disadvantaged groups, and minority populations. Despite its clinical importance, national patterns and population-level disparities in the mortality burden associated with this comorbidity remain poorly characterized. This study aims to examine mortality trends associated with concurrent anemia and malignancy in the United States using CDC WONDER (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research) database, with a focus on demographic and geographic disparities to inform targeted interventions. Methods: Mortality data from CDC WONDER were analyzed for individuals aged 65 years and older using ICD-10 codes C00-C97 for malignancies and D50-D64 for anemia. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) and annual percent changes (APCs) were calculated by year, age, sex, race/ethnicity, cancer type, and geographic region. Subgroup analyses focused on common anemia-associated cancers, including colorectal, gastric, lung, ovarian, female genital, breast, prostate, and hematologic malignancies, based on national prevalence. Results: Between 1999 and 2020, there were 264,331 anemia and malignancy -related deaths among U.S. adults aged ≥65. The overall AAMR remained relatively stable moving from 31.5 in 1999 to 31.1 in 2020. A significant decline occurred through 2017 (APC: -0.86), followed by a sharp increase from 2017 to 2020 (APC: 4.63). Males had higher AAMRs than females (28.8 vs. 22.6). Black individuals had the highest mortality (42.4). The Midwest had the highest regional AAMR (30.6), while the South had the lowest (27.6). States in the top 90th percentile for AAMR included North Dakota, Maryland, Rhode Island, West Virginia, and DC. Nonmetropolitan areas had higher AAMRs than metropolitan ones (32.9 vs. 27.8). Colorectal cancer showed the largest decline (AAPC: -2.03) followed by gastric (AAPC: -1.96) and prostate cancer (AAPC: -1.40), while breast, lung, gynecological, and hematological cancers remained stable. Conclusion: Among adults aged ≥65, anemia and malignancy-related mortality declined until 2017 but increased sharply through 2020, with highest rates in males, Black individuals, and nonmetropolitan/Midwestern residents. Declines were seen in colorectal, gastric, and prostate cancers, while other cancers remained stable, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to reduce disparities.

Indexed as

age-adjusted mortality rateanemiacancerCDC WONDERepidemiologymortality trends

Identifiers

PMID41646439
PMCPMC12867818

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