Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41648529›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2026

Scattering-enabled epi-quantitative phase imaging reveals subcellular detail in organoids and deep mouse brains.

Xi Chen, Mikhail E Kandel, Shitong Zhao, Rick T Zirkel, Kai-Yu Huang, Hyun Joon Kong, Chris B Schaffer, Chris Xu

Abstract readPreprint
In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Xi ChenBiomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8609-5391
Mikhail E KandelGroq, 400 Castro St., Suite 600, Mountain View, CA 94041, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2124-7750
Shitong ZhaoSchool of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Rick T ZirkelMeinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Kai-Yu HuangChemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Hyun Joon KongChemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Chris B SchafferMeinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7800-9596
Chris XuSchool of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.

Funding

High-throughput closed-loop direct aberration sensing and correction for multiphoton imaging in live animalsR00EB034164 · NIBIB · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY · PI CHEN, XI · 2025 to 2025
$746k
High-throughput closed-loop direct aberration sensing and correction for multiphoton imaging in live animalsK99EB034164 · NIBIB · CORNELL UNIVERSITY · PI CHEN, XI · 2023 to 2024
$208k
NIBIB NIH HHS K99 EB034164NIBIB NIH HHS R00 EB034164
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Imaging subcellular structures deep within thick, turbid biological tissues remains fundamentally limited by light scattering, which distorts optical wavefronts and degrades contrast, resolution, and sensitivity. These limitations hinder quantitative interrogation of complex biological systems where resolving dynamic microenvironments at subcellular resolution is critical. Here, we introduce scattering-enabled epi-quantitative phase imaging (SEEQPI), a label-free method that leverages tissue scattering and provides subcellular spatial resolution, nanometer-scale spatiotemporal phase sensitivity, and millimeter-scale imaging depth in murine brains. SEEQPI is enabled by common-path phase-shifting confocal epi-interferometry with near-infrared illumination and the scattering-enabled phase reconstruction algorithm. SEEQPI requires low illumination power, minimizing tissue damage while enabling high-speed imaging of biological dynamics. We demonstrate simultaneous, colocalized imaging of subcellular structures with SEEQPI, third-harmonic generation, and three-photon fluorescence microscopy in liver cancer spheroids and

Identifiers

PMID41648529
PMCPMC12871666

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.