Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41650951›Full record

Trial reportCell reports. Medicine2026

The effect of dual antiplatelet therapy in different patterns of watershed infarction: Subgroup analysis of the INSPIRES trial.

Chenhui Liu, Ying Li, Zhangxinyi Liu, Ying Gao, Qian Zhang, Ashley M Wabnitz, Yuesong Pan, Hongyi Yan, Weiqi Chen, S Claiborne Johnston and 6 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Cell reports. Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03635749 (Intensive Statin and Antiplatelet Therapy for High-risk Intracranial or Extracranial Atherosclerosis), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03635749 phase3unknown statusnot on this map

Intensive Statin and Antiplatelet Therapy for High-risk Intracranial or Extracranial Atherosclerosis (INSPIRES)

TypeinterventionalSponsorBeijing Tiantan HospitalRan2018 to 2023Enrolled6,100ConditionsAcute Stroke, Transient Ischemic AttackArmsIntensive antiplatelet, Standard antiplatelet, Immediate high-intensity statin, Delayed high-intensity statin
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Chenhui LiuDepartment of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Ying LiDepartment of Neurology, Sui Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shangqiu, China.
Zhangxinyi LiuDepartment of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Ying GaoDepartment of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Medical Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China.
Qian ZhangDepartment of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Ashley M WabnitzDepartment of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
Yuesong PanDepartment of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China.
Hongyi YanDepartment of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China.
Weiqi ChenDepartment of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
S Claiborne JohnstonDell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
David WangDepartment of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
Pierre AmarencoDepartment of Neurology and Stroke Center, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France; Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Philip M BathStroke Trials Unit, Mental Health & Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Yongjun WangDepartment of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Medical Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China; Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Yilong WangDepartment of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Medical Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China. Electronic address: yilong528@aliyun.com.
Ling GuanDepartment of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Medical Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Electronic address: lguanm@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Watershed infarction (WI) is heterogeneous. This study aims to explore the effect of clopidogrel-aspirin in patients with WI and which WI patterns could gain more benefits. Patients are classified into cortical WI (CWI) (n = 484), internal WI (IWI) (n = 372), CWI+IWI (n = 410), and non-WI (n = 4,033) according to diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The results show that patients with WI treated with clopidogrel-aspirin have a lower risk of stroke recurrence compared to aspirin at 90 days (hazard ratio [HR], 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49-0.93). Specifically, patients receiving clopidogrel-aspirin show a lower rate of recurrent stroke than those receiving aspirin in IWI (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.30-0.97), and with a similar trend in CWI+IWI, but not significant in CWI (p for interaction = 0.41). Clopidogrel-aspirin does not increase moderate-to-severe bleeding across WI patterns. This study reveals that the effect of clopidogrel-aspirin appears consistent across WI subgroups, but it might be more effective in patients with IWI. This study is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03635749).

Indexed as

AspirinClopidogrelDual Anti-Platelet TherapyPlatelet Aggregation InhibitorsAgedDiffusion Magnetic Resonance ImagingFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedStrokeAspirinClopidogrelPlatelet Aggregation Inhibitorscortical watershed infarctiondual antiplatelet treatmentinternal watershed infarctionischemic strokewatershed infarction

Identifiers

PMID41650951
PMCPMC12923951

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.