Hyperparameter optimization to enhance the performance of deep learning models for the early detection of invasive turtles in Korea.

Invasive freshwater turtles are major drivers of biodiversity loss, underscoring the importance of early detection and management. However, it is challenging for experts to manually monitor a broad geographic area, necessitating support tools. Deep learning-based object detection models have displayed high performance in automating wildlife monitoring tasks. Furthermore, hyperparameter optimization, including optimizer selection and hyperparameter tuning, might further enhance performance by optimizing training settings to the dataset. In this study, an optimized model was developed to apply hyperparameter optimization to detect and classify six invasive turtle species in Korea from images. The optimized model was compared to a default model trained using the default optimizer and hyperparameters. The optimized model outperformed the default model, as indicated by the evaluations of mean average precision using a fixed intersection over union threshold of 0.5 (0.973 vs. 0.959) and a range of thresholds ranging from 0.5 to 0.95 (0.841 vs. 0.815). The classification accuracy of the optimized model reached 92.7%, exceeding that of the default model (89.9%). These findings highlight the utility of hyperparameter optimization and suggest that the proposed approach can support the early detection of invasive turtles, thereby enhancing to invasive species management.