ArticleBiology of sex differences2026
Sex differences in human umbilical vein endothelial cells following ox-LDL injury.
Article in Biology of sex differences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Sex differences in endothelial cell biology: cellular phenotypes and molecular regulators.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNumerous sex differences has been described in aterosclerosis including in endothelial dysfunction. Oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) contribute to the formation of atherosclerotic plaque by binding to a membrane glycoprotein expressed by endothelial cells. Ox-LDL also play a key role in mediating endothelial dysfunction during pregnancy. Elevated maternal ox-LDL levels can lead to oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in placental and fetal endothelial cells. The aim of this study was to investigate sex-related differences in the response to ox-LDL-induced damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) isolated from male and female newborns.
methodsIn our study, the effects of 100 µg/ml ox-LDL on HUVECs, obtained from umbilical cords of healthy newborns of both sexes, were analyzed. By flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, and Western blotting techniques, mitochondrial function, cell survival, and autophagy were studied.
resultsSex differences in cell motility and fate have been detected after ox-LDL treatment. Indeed, following ox-LDL treatment, male HUVECs (MHUVECs) exhibited reduced motility and a significant increase in adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, in contrast to female HUVECs (FHUVECs). Furthermore, MHUVECs exhibited higher levels of fission proteins (DRP1 and Fis1), superoxide anion (O₂⁻), and earlier mitochondrial membrane (MM) hyperpolarization, while FHUVECs showed higher levels of fusion proteins (OPA1 and MFN2), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and delayed MM changes. These findings were consistent with a greater propensity for apoptosis in MHUVECs. In contrast, FHUVECs exhibited higher levels of Survivin, making them less susceptible to apoptosis and more susceptible to the autophagy process.
conclusionsOur findings reveal significant sex-related variations in endothelial responses to oxidative stress. The enhanced survival and repair capacity of FHUVECs suggests that female cells are more resilient to ox-LDL-induced damage.
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