Evidence mapPaperPMID 41658621Full record

ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026

Antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated in a resource-limited region: the experience of the North Kivu Provincial Reference Laboratory in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Emmanuel Busha Tibasima, Prudence Mitangala Ndeba, Banga Mseza, Ousmane Sy, Stella d'Espérance Assumini Ndeba, Houssein Chalhoub, Raphael Senga, Kasereka Kihemba, Baudouin Byl, Olivier Vandenberg

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Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Emmanuel Busha TibasimaDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health, Université Libre des Pays des Grands Lacs, Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo.
Prudence Mitangala NdebaDepartement of Epidemiology, Université de Ruwenzori, Butembo, Democratic Republic of Congo.
Banga MsezaDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University, Ishaka, Uganda.
Ousmane SyUniversité Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
Stella d'Espérance Assumini NdebaDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health, Université Libre des Pays des Grands Lacs, Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo.
Houssein ChalhoubResearch and Technology Innovation Unit, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles-Universitair Laboratorium Brussel (LHUB-ULB), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
Raphael SengaAmi-Labo, Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo.
Kasereka KihembaLaboratory Department, Basic Sciences and Pathological Anatomy, Heal Africa Hospital, Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo, Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo.
Baudouin BylClinique d'Épidémiologie et Hygiène Hospitalière, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
Olivier VandenbergUniversité Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global threat with disproportionate impact in resource-limited settings. We characterized clinically significant bacteria in Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), and their susceptibility using the WHO AWaRe framework. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study (September 2019-March 2022) of routine clinical specimens (blood cultures, urine, vaginal, perineal swabs and pus). Specimens were cultured on standard nonselective (chocolate agar with polyvitamin supplement, fresh blood agar, tryptican broth) and selective media (MacConkey and Chapman agar); isolates were identified locally and referred to the Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles (LHUB-ULB) for confirmation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). Results: Overall, 341 isolates underwent AST. Conclusion: AMR is a major public-health problem in Goma. Strengthening laboratory capacity and establishing continuous surveillance are urgent priorities. Recommended actions include participation in WHONET/GLASS program and antibiotic stewardship. In the interim, empiric strategies should favor nitrofurantoin for uncomplicated cystitis, judicious aminoglycoside use where appropriate, early culture, and prompt de-escalation, reserving carbapenems for severe ESBL-risk presentations.

Indexed as

antibiotic resistance (ABR)Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)Gomalow and middle income countriesNorth Kivusurveillance and mitigating AMR

Identifiers

PMID41658621
PMCPMC12872473

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.