Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41658698›Full record

ReviewCureus2026

Metabolic Syndrome in Focus: Emerging Causes, New Diagnostic Approaches and Criteria, and Long-Term Health Consequences.

Michalina Loson-Kawalec, Piotr Sawina, Anna Kowalczyk, Estera Pazek, Dorota Szydłowska, Julia Pawlowska, Dawid Boczkowski, Aleksandra Wielochowska, Dawid Szymanski, Mateusz Podkanowicz and 6 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Michalina Loson-KawalecDepartment of Medicine, University of Opole, Opole, POL.
Piotr SawinaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Non-Public Health Care Institution (NZOZ) Hospital, Dzierżoniów, POL.
Anna KowalczykDepartment of Medicine, University of Opole, Opole, POL.
Estera PazekDepartment of Medicine, University of Opole, Opole, POL.
Dorota SzydłowskaDepartment of Medicine, University of Opole, Opole, POL.
Julia PawlowskaDepartment of Medicine, University of Opole, Opole, POL.
Dawid BoczkowskiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Central Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, POL.
Aleksandra WielochowskaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Central Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, POL.
Dawid SzymanskiCollege of Medicine, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, POL.
Mateusz PodkanowiczCollege of Medicine, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, POL.
Maciej MajchrzakCollege of Medicine, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, POL.
Tomasz DolataDepartment of Internal Medicine, Multispecialty Independent Public Health Care Institution Hospital, Nowa Sól, POL.
Weronika MajchrowiczDepartment of Internal Medicine, Multispecialty Independent Public Health Care Institution Hospital, Nowa Sól, POL.
Patrycja DadynskaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Karol Marcinkowski University Hospital, Zielona Góra, POL.
Jan NowakDepartment of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Center Neuromed, Wroclaw, POL.
Aleksander PolusDepartment of Internal Medicine, Central Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, POL.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex cluster of metabolic abnormalities, including central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose metabolism. Growing evidence indicates that MetS is not only a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease but is also strongly associated with the development and progression of various malignancies. Owing to shared pathophysiological mechanisms, MetS represents an important link between oncologic and cardiovascular diseases. This narrative review aims to provide an integrative assessment of the role of MetS in oncologic and cardiovascular outcomes, with particular emphasis on emerging pathophysiological mechanisms and evolving diagnostic criteria. By synthesizing current evidence, this review addresses existing gaps in the literature regarding the interconnected impact of MetS on long-term health outcomes. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, including epidemiological studies, meta-analyses, and clinical studies published between 2000 and 2025 that evaluated associations between MetS, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Current evidence suggests that MetS significantly increases the risk of both malignancies and cardiovascular disorders. Central mechanisms include chronic low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance with activation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathways, dysregulated lipid metabolism, and endothelial dysfunction. Lifestyle modifications, particularly regular physical activity and antioxidant-rich diets, as well as metabolically targeted pharmacological strategies, may reduce disease incidence and progression. In conclusion, MetS represents a critical, modifiable risk factor linking cancer and cardiovascular disease. Early identification and comprehensive management of MetS may play a pivotal role in improving long-term clinical outcomes.

Indexed as

cancercardiovascular diseasehypertensioninsulin resistancemetabolic syndromeobesity

Identifiers

PMID41658698
PMCPMC12880607

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.